目的：探讨儿童对14种食物不耐受情况的分布及与各系统疾病间的关系。方法：收集从2009年1月至2012年10月进行食物不耐受检测的2434例儿童血清标本，采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体。分析儿童对不同食物类别耐受程度的分布及其与年龄、性别以及系统疾病之间的关系。结果：在14种食物中，牛奶、鸡蛋不耐受阳性率较高，分别为74.16%和66.47%；鸡肉、猪肉不耐受阳性率较低，分别为0.29%和0.21%。男女患儿间食物不耐受总项次阳性率分别为12.579%和12.470%。婴幼儿期不耐受率最高为牛奶，学龄前期和学龄期为牛奶和鸡蛋，青春期为鸡蛋。儿童单系统不耐受分布中，患有发育异常或免疫系统疾病的患儿食物不耐受总项次阳性率最高；同时涉及两个系统疾病患儿的食物不耐受总项次阳性率高达13.393%；且各类系统儿童对牛奶和鸡蛋的不耐受率较其他食物高。结论：儿童食物不耐受差异受多种因素影响，如食物种类、年龄等；性别因素影响比较小。食物不耐受与多个系统疾病的发生有一定的联系，其对儿童生长发育至关重要，应该通过健康管理对儿童食物不耐受情况进行普查和研究。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of intolerance to 14 foods in children and the relationship between food intolerance and disease of various systems. METHODS: Serum samples of 2434 children with diseases were collected for food intolerance testing between January 2009 and October 2012. Allergen-specific IgG antibodies to 14 foods were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The children’s intolerance to different foods and its relationship with age, sex and disease of various systems were analyzed. RESULTS: Among these children, positive rates of intolerance to milk and eggs were as high as 74.16% and 66.47% respectively, while positive rates of intolerance to chicken and pork were relatively low (0.29% and 0.21% respectively). The overall positive rates of food intolerance were 12.579% and 12.470% in males and females respectively. For infants, the highest intolerance rate was to milk; for preschool and school-age children, the highest intolerance rates were to milk and eggs respectively; for children in adolescence, the highest intolerance rate was to eggs. Among children with food intolerance involving single system, those with developmental abnormality or immune system disease had the highest overall positive rate of food intolerance. Children with double-system diseases had an overall positive rate of food intolerance as high as 13.393%. Among the children involving various systems, the positive rate of intolerance to milk and eggs were higher than other food. CONCLUSIONS: Factors influencing food intolerance in children include food categories and age. There may be a relationship between food intolerance and disease of various systems, and this is significant to the growth and development of children.