目的：探讨试管早产儿早期并发症的发生率及治疗转归。方法：回顾性分析并比较122例试管早产儿与183例自然妊娠早产儿（对照组）母亲围产期情况、出生一般情况及早期并发症的发生情况。结果：两组孕母围产期疾病的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。试管早产儿新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）发生率（25.4%）高于对照组（12.0%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试管组先天性畸形发生率（3.3%）高于对照组（0%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试管组病死率（9.0%）高于对照组（2.2%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：试管早产儿与自然妊娠早产儿相比，更易患RDS，且畸形率及病死率均较自然受孕儿高，故仍应慎重选择辅助生殖技术的方式，并加强孕产期监护。

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of early complications and treatment outcomes in premature infants conceived via test tube. METHODS: A retrospective analysis and comparison was conducted on the clinical data of 122 test-tube premature infants and 183 naturally conceived premature infants (control group), including maternal complications, birth conditions and early complications. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in maternal complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (25.4% vs 12.0%; P<0.05) and malformations (3.3% vs 0%; P<0.05) in the test-tube group was statistically higher than in the control group. The mortality rate in the test-tube group was statistically higher than in the control group (9.0% vs 2.2%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Test-tube premature infants are more likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome and have higher incidences of congenital malformations and mortality. Asisted reproductive technique should therefore be chosen cautiously, and enhanced assessment and monitoring is needed during pregnancy.