目的 比较大肠杆菌与肺炎链球菌所致儿童化脓性脑膜炎 （简称化脑）的临床特征的差异，为临床病原学不明情况下化脑患儿抗生素的选择提供帮助。方法 回顾性比较分析大肠杆菌 （n=12）与肺炎链球菌 （n=15）所致化脑患儿的临床资料。结果 大肠杆菌组发病年龄<3 个月的患儿比例及抽搐发生率显著高于肺炎链球菌组，而高热 （>39℃）及意识障碍发生率、首诊白细胞计数增高 （>12×109/L）的患儿比例显著低于肺炎链球菌组。两组间脑脊液常规及生化检查结果比较差异无统计学意义。大肠杆菌与肺炎链球菌对头孢类抗生素耐药率均较高，对氯霉素敏感率>90%；大肠杆菌对美罗培南100% 敏感，肺炎链球菌对万古霉素100% 敏感。结论 大肠杆菌与肺炎链球菌所致儿童化脑的临床特征存在差异。对于高热、意识障碍、血白细胞计数增高的化脑患儿可考虑肺炎链球菌感染；而年龄<3 个月，呈中低热、抽搐频繁、血白细胞计数<12×109/L的患儿可考虑大肠杆菌感染。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the differences in clinical features of childhood purulent meningitis (PM) caused by Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to provide help for the selection of antibiotics for PM children with unknown etiology. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of children with PM caused by Escherichia coli (12 children) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 children). Results Compared with the Streptococcus pneumoniae infection group, the Escherichia coli infection group had a significantly higher proportion of children with an age of onset of <3 months and a significantly higher incidence rate of convulsion, but significantly lower incidence rates of severe fever (>39°C) and disturbance of consciousness and a significantly lower proportion of children with an increased leukocyte count at diagnosis (>12×109/L). The results of routine cerebrospinal fluid test and biochemical examinations showed no significant differences between the two groups. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to cephalosporins and had a sensitivity to chloramphenicol more than 90%. Escherichia coli was fully sensitive to meropenem and Streptococcus pneumoniae was fully sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions PM caused by Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae has different clinical features. As for PM children with severe fever, disturbance of consciousness, and an increased leukocyte count, the probability of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection should be considered. For PM children with an age of onset of <3 months, medium- and low-grade fever, frequent convulsions, and a leukocyte count of <12×109/L, the probability of Escherichia coli infection should be considered.
关键词
大肠杆菌 /
肺炎链球菌 /
化脓性脑膜炎 /
临床特点 /
儿童
Key words
Escherichia coli /
Streptococcus pneumoniae /
Purulent meningitis /
Clinical feature /
Child
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