[1] 苏绍玉, 胡艳玲. 新生儿临床护理精粹[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2017:388.
[2] 杨海娥, 刘惠丽. 新生儿PICC主要并发症的发生及预防对策[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2011, 17(22):2718-2720.
[3] Jin JF, Chen CF, Zhao RY, et al. Repositioning techniques of malpositioned peripherally inserted central catheters[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2013, 22(13-14):1791-1804.
[4] Singh A, Bajpai M, Panda SS, et al. Complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates:lesson learned over 2 years in a tertiary care centre in India[J]. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2014, 11(3):242-247.
[5] Gilbert R, Brown M, Rainford N, et al. Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of neonatal bloodstream infection (PREVAIL):an open-label, parallel-group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2019, 3(6):381-390.
[6] Jumani K, Advani S, Reich NG, et al. Risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheter complications in children[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2013, 167(5):429-435.
[7] 胡艳玲,唐孟言,李小文,等.新生儿PICC导管异位影响因素及预防措施的研究进展[J].护理学杂志, 2020, 35(22):105-108.
[8] Baggio MA, Bazzi FC, Bilibio CA. Peripherally inserted central catheter:description of its use in neonatal and pediatric ICU[J]. Rev Gaucha Enferm, 2010, 31(1):70-76.
[9] Ohki Y, Maruyama K, Harigaya A, et al. Complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheter in Japanese neonatal intensive care units[J]. Pediatr Int, 2013, 55(2):185-189.
[10] Organization World Health. WHO Handbook for Guideline Development[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/145714/9789241548960_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
[11] Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE Ⅱ:advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care[J]. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18):E839-E842.
[12] 韦当, 王聪尧, 肖晓娟, 等. 指南研究与评价(AGREE Ⅱ)工具实例解读[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2013, 8(4):316-319.
[13] Chen YL, Yang KH, Marušic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care:the RIGHT statement[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2):128-132.
[14] Schünemann H, Bro?ek J, Guyatt G, et al. GRADE Handbook[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html.
[15] GRADEpro GDT. GRADE your evidence and improve your guideline development in health care[EB/OL].[2020-07-10]. https://gradepro.org.
[16] Balshem H, Helfanda M, Schunemann HJ, 等. GRADE指南:Ⅲ.证据质量分级[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(4):451-455.
[17] BMJ Best Practice. Premature newborn care[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/671/pdf/671/Premature%20newborn%20care.pdf.
[18] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Neonatal parenteral nutrition[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng154/resources/neonatal-parenteral-nutrition-pdf-66141840283333.
[19] National Association of Neonatal Nurses. Peripherally inserted central catheters:guideline for practice, 3rd edition[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. http://hummingbirdmed.com/wp-content/uploads/NANN15_PICC_Guidelines_FINAL.pdf.
[20] Gazitua R, Wilson K, Bistrian BR, et al. Factors determining peripheral vein tolerance to amino acid infusions[J]. Arch Surg, 1979, 114(8):897-900.
[21] Kuwahara T, Asanami S, Tamura T, et al. Effects of pH and osmolality on phlebitic potential of infusion solutions for peripheral parenteral nutrition[J]. J Toxicol Sci, 1998, 23(1):77-85.
[22] Boullata JI, Gilbert K, Sacks G, et al. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines:parenteral nutrition ordering, order review, compounding, labeling, and dispensing[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(3):334-377.
[23] 李全磊. PICC置管前评估的临床实践指南构建[D]. 上海:复旦大学, 2012.
[24] Queensland Government. Guideline:peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC)[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0032/444497/icare-picc-guideline.pdf.
[25] O'grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(9):e162-e193.
[26] Legemaat MM, Jongerden IP, van Rens RM, et al. Effect of a vascular access team on central line-associated bloodstream infections in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit:a systematic review[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2015, 52(5):1003-1010.
[27] Cooley K, Grady S. Minimizing catheter-related bloodstream infections:one unit's approach[J]. Adv Neonatal Care, 2009, 9(5):209-226.
[28] Curry S, Honeycutt M, Goins G, et al. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in the NICU:getting to zero[J]. Neonatal Netw, 2009, 28(3):151-155.
[29] Golombek SG, Rohan AJ, Parvez B, et al. "Proactive" management of percutaneously inserted central catheters results in decreased incidence of infection in the ELBW population[J]. J Perinatol, 2002, 22(3):209-213.
[30] Holzmann-Pazgal G, Kubanda A, Davis K, et al. Utilizing a line maintenance team to reduce central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit[J]. J Perinatol, 2012, 32(4):281-286.
[31] Infusion Nurses Society. Infusion therapy standards of practice[J]. J Infus Nurs, 2016, 39(1S):S1-S156.
[32] Yoo S, Ha M, Choi D, et al. Effectiveness of surveillance of central catheter-related bloodstream infection in an ICU in Korea[J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2001, 22(7):433-436.
[33] Warren DK, Zack JE, Cox MJ, et al. An educational intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections in a nonteaching, community medical center[J]. Crit Care Med, 2003, 31(7):1959-1963.
[34] Warren DK, Zack JE, Mayfield JL, et al. The effect of an education program on the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in a medical ICU[J]. Chest, 2004, 126(5):1612-1618.
[35] Eggimann P, Harbarth S, Constantin MN, et al. Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care[J]. Lancet, 2000, 355(9218):1864-1868.
[36] Kola?ek S, Puntis JWL, Hojsak I, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition:venous access[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B):2379-2391.
[37] Jacob JT, Gaynes R. Intravascular catheter-related infection:prevention[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zh-Hans/intravascular-catheter-related-infection-prevention.
[38] Blot K, Bergs J, Vogelaers D, et al. Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections through quality improvement interventions:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2014, 59(1):96-105.
[39] 傅麒宁, 吴洲鹏, 孙文彦, 等. 《输液导管相关静脉血栓形成中国专家共识》临床实践推荐[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2020, 27(4):412-418.
[40] O'brien J, Paquet F, Lindsay R, et al. Insertion of PICCs with minimum number of lumens reduces complications and costs[J]. J Am Coll Radiol, 2013, 10(11):864-868.
[41] Isemann B, Sorrels R, Akinbi H. Effect of heparin and other factors associated with complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates[J]. J Perinatol, 2012, 32(11):856-860.
[42] Di Fiore RE. Clinical and engineering considerations for the design of indwelling vascular access devices-materials and product development overview[J]. J Assoc Vasc Access, 2005, 10(1):24-27.
[43] Yu XH, Yue SJ, Wang MJ, et al. Risk factors related to peripherally inserted central venous catheter nonselective removal in neonates[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018:3769376.
[44] Chu WH. Evidence Summary. Peripherally inserted central catheter:occlusion[Z]. The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, JBI@Ovid, 2017:JBI652.
[45] Chen HX, Zhang XX, Wang H, et al. Complications of upper extremity versus lower extremity placed peripherally inserted central catheters in neonatal intensive care units:a meta-analysis[J]. Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 2020, 56:102753.
[46] 陈秀文, 周乐山, 谭彦娟, 等. 新生儿上肢静脉与下肢静脉PICC置管效果比较的Meta分析[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2019, 21(12):1164-1171.
[47] 付贞艳, 权明桃, 陈开永, 等. 新生儿不同静脉置入PICC效果的Meta分析[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2020, 35(3):218-225.
[48] Cartwright DW. Central venous lines in neonates:a study of 2186 catheters[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2004, 89(6):F504-F508.
[49] 陈秀文, 周乐山, 谭彦娟, 等. 基于ACE Star循证模式选择新生儿经外周静脉穿刺的中心静脉导管置管部位[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2020, 45(9):1082-1088.
[50] Lund CH, Osborne JW, Kuller J, et al. Neonatal skin care:clinical outcomes of the AWHONN/NANN evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses[J]. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2001, 30(1):41-51.
[51] Kieran EA, O'sullivan A, Miletin J, et al. 2% chlorhexidine-70% isopropyl alcohol versus 10% povidone-iodine for insertion site cleaning before central line insertion in preterm infants:a randomised trial[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2018, 103(2):F101-F106.
[52] Aitken J, Williams FL. A systematic review of thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates exposed to topical iodine[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2014, 99(1):F21-F28.
[53] Garland JS, Alex CP, Uhing MR, et al. Pilot trial to compare tolerance of chlorhexidine gluconate to povidone-iodine antisepsis for central venous catheter placement in neonates[J]. J Perinatol, 2009, 29(12):808-813.
[54] Chapman AK, Aucott SW, Milstone AM. Safety of chlorhexidine gluconate used for skin antisepsis in the preterm infant[J]. J Perinatol, 2012, 32(1):4-9.
[55] Andersen C, Hart J, Vemgal P, et al. Prospective evaluation of a multi-factorial prevention strategy on the impact of nosocomial infection in very-low-birthweight infants[J]. J Hosp Infect, 2005, 61(2):162-167.
[56] Neri I, Ravaioli GM, Faldella G, et al. Chlorhexidine-Induced chemical burns in very low birth weight infants[J]. J Pediatr, 2017, 191:262-265.e2.
[57] Heron TJ, Faraday CM, Clarke P. The hidden harms of matching Michigan[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2013, 98(5):F466-F467.
[58] Tamma PD, Aucott SW, Milstone AM. Chlorhexidine use in the neonatal intensive care unit:results from a national survey[J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2010, 31(8):846-849.
[59] Kutsch J, Ottinger D. Neonatal skin and chlorhexidine:a burning experience[J]. Neonatal Netw, 2014, 33(1):19-23.
[60] Reynolds PR, Banerjee S, Meek JH. Alcohol burns in extremely low birthweight infants:still occurring[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2005, 90(1):F10.
[61] McCord H, Fieldhouse E, El-Naggar W. Current practices of antiseptic use in Canadian neonatal intensive care units[J]. Am J Perinatol, 2019, 36(2):141-147.
[62] Upadhyayula S, Kambalapalli M, Harrison CJ. Safety of anti-infective agents for skin preparation in premature infants[J]. Arch Dis Child, 2007, 92(7):646-647.
[63] Shime N, Hosokawa K, Maclaren G. Ultrasound imaging reduces failure rates of percutaneous central venous catheterization in children[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2015, 16(8):718-725.
[64] Sabouneh R, Akiki P, Al Bizri A, et al. Ultrasound guided central line insertion in neonates:pain score results from a prospective study[J]. J Neonatal Perinatal Med, 2020, 13(1):129-134.
[65] Oleti T, Jeeva Sankar M, Thukral A, et al. Does ultrasound guidance for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion reduce the incidence of tip malposition?-a randomized trial[J]. J Perinatol, 2019, 39(1):95-101.
[66] 林琴, 康育兰, 林颖, 等. 床旁超声在新生儿PICC置管中的应用分析[J]. 吉林医学, 2019, 40(12):2902-2904.
[67] Sabado JJ, Pittiruti M. Principles of ultrasound-guided venous access[EB/OL].[2020-07-16]. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/principles-of-ultrasound-guided-venous-access.
[68] Katheria AC, Fleming SE, Kim JH. A randomized controlled trial of ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheters compared with standard radiograph in neonates[J]. J Perinatol, 2013, 33(10):791-794.
[69] 中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会, 中国当代儿科杂志编辑委员会. 新生儿疼痛评估与镇痛管理专家共识(2020版)[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2020, 22(9):923-930.
[70] Kaur G, Gupta P, Kumar A. A randomized trial of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics during lumbar puncture in newborns[J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2003, 157(11):1065-1070.
[71] 徐晓丽, 印真香, 胡莎, 等. 音乐联合母亲声音对先天性消化道畸形患儿PICC穿刺疼痛的缓解作用[J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2019, 35(33):2588-2593.
[72] 陈红敏, 陈爱民, 石彩晓, 等. 音乐疗法在早产儿PICC置管中应用的效果分析[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2018, 33(16):1480-1482.
[73] Tang L, Wang HH, Liu QH, et al. Effect of music intervention on pain responses in premature infants undergoing placement procedures of peripherally inserted central venous catheter:a randomized controlled trial[J]. Eur J Integr Med, 2018, 19:105-109.
[74] Bellieni CV, Tei M, Coccina F, et al. Sensorial saturation for infants' pain[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2012, 25(Suppl 1):79-81.
[75] Motz P, Von Saint Andre Von Arnim A, Iyer RS, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound for peripherally inserted central catheter monitoring:a pilot study[J]. J Perinat Med, 2019, 47(9):991-996.
[76] Telang N, Sharma D, Pratap OT, et al. Use of real-time ultrasound for locating tip position in neonates undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter insertion:a pilot study[J]. Indian J Med Res, 2017, 145(3):373-376.
[77] 任晓玲, 陈亚娟, 刘敬, 等. 超声监测在新生儿经皮外周静脉置入中心静脉导管尖端定位中的应用[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2019, 34(18):1398-1401.
[78] Ren XL, Li HL, Liu J, et al. Ultrasound to localize the peripherally inserted central catheter tip position in newborn infants[J]. Am J Perinatol, 2021, 38(2):122-125.
[79] Kadivar M, Mosayebi Z, Ghaemi O, et al. Ultrasound and radiography evaluation of the tips of peripherally inserted central catheters in neonates admitted to the NICU[J]. Iran J Pediatr, 2020, 30(6):e108416.
[80] 刘玲, 周星, 朱丽波, 等. 静脉内心电图引导经外周中心静脉置管导管尖端定位技术在早产儿的临床应用[J]. 中华新生儿科杂志, 2018, 33(6):450-452.
[81] 王婷, 朱丽波. 腔内心电图技术定位新生儿PICC尖端位置的临床应用[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2018, 11(7):169-170.
[82] Ling QY, Chen H, Tang M, et al. Accuracy and safety study of intracavitary electrocardiographic guidance for peripherally inserted central catheter placement in neonates[J]. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 2019, 33(1):89-95.
[83] Xiao AQ, Sun J, Zhu LH, et al. Effectiveness of intracavitary electrocardiogram-guided peripherally inserted central catheter tip placement in premature infants:a multicentre pre-post intervention study[J]. Eur J Pediatr, 2020, 179(3):439-446.
[84] Racadio JM, Doellman DA, Johnson ND, et al. Pediatric peripherally inserted central catheters:complication rates related to catheter tip location[J]. Pediatrics, 2001, 107(2):E28.
[85] 邵肖梅, 叶鸿瑁, 丘小汕. 实用新生儿学[M]. 5版. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2019:1056-1057.
[86] Albrecht K, Breitmeier D, Panning B, et al. The carina as a landmark for central venous catheter placement in small children[J]. Eur J Pediatr, 2006, 165(4):264-266.
[87] Weil BR, Ladd AP, Yoder K. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade associated with central venous catheters in children:an uncommon but serious and treatable condition[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2010, 45(8):1687-1692.
[88] Sertic AJ, Connolly BL, Temple MJ, et al. Perforations associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in a neonatal population[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 2018, 48(1):109-119.
[89] Schuster M, Nave H, Piepenbrock S, et al. The carina as a landmark in central venous catheter placement[J]. Br J Anaesth, 2000, 85(2):192-194.
[90] Taylor JE, Tan K, Lai NM, et al. Antibiotic lock for the prevention of catheter-related infection in neonates[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015(6):CD010336.
[91] Girand HL, Mcneil JC. Lock therapy for intravascular non-hemodialysis catheter-related infection[EB/OL].[2020-07-10]. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lock-therapy-for-intravascular-non-hemodialysis-catheter-related-infection.
[92] Gillies D, O'riordan E, Carr D, et al. Central venous catheter dressings:a systematic review[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2003, 44(6):623-632.
[93] 陈晓春, 吴益玲, 李肖肖, 等. 两种透明敷料更换频率对早产儿经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关性感染的影响[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(21):4958-4960.
[94] Ullman AJ, Cooke ML, Mitchell M, et al. Dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters (CVC)[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015(9):CD010367.
[95] Craven DL, BNut&Diet. Evidence Summary. Peripherally inserted central catheters (neonates):dressing of insertion site[Z]. The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, JBI@Ovid, 2018:JBI19643.
[96] Garland JS, Alex CP, Mueller CD, et al. A randomized trial comparing povidone-iodine to a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressing for prevention of central venous catheter infections in neonates[J]. Pediatrics, 2001, 107(6):1431-1436.
[97] Milstone AM, Reich NG, Advani S, et al. Catheter dwell time and CLABSIs in neonates with PICCs:a multicenter cohort study[J]. Pediatrics, 2013, 132(6):e1609-e1615.
[98] Crawford JD, Liem TK, Moneta GL. Management of catheter-associated upper extremity deep venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2016, 4(3):375-379.
[99] Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease:antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed:American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines[J]. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl):e419S-e496S.
[100] Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer:American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(6):654-656.
[101] Jones MA, Lee DY, Segall JA, et al. Characterizing resolution of catheter-associated upper extremity deep venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Surg, 2010, 51(1):108-113.
[102] Gnannt R, Waespe N, Temple M, et al. Increased risk of symptomatic upper-extremity venous thrombosis with multiple peripherally inserted central catheter insertions in pediatric patients[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 2018, 48(7):1013-1020.
[103] Kucher N. Clinical practice. Deep-vein thrombosis of the upper extremities[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(9):861-869.
[104] Shah PS, Shah VS. Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008(2):CD002772.
[105] Bin-Nun A, Wasserteil N, Nakhash R, et al. Heparinization of long indwelling lines in neonates:systematic review and practical recommendations[J]. Isr Med Assoc J, 2016, 18(11):692-696.
[106] 彭易, 程云, 芦婳, 等. 肝素稀释液维持新生儿PICC导管通畅作用的meta分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2012, 47(11):1023-1027.
[107] Uslu S, Ozdemir H, Comert S, et al. The effect of low-dose heparin on maintaining peripherally inserted percutaneous central venous catheters in neonates[J]. J Perinatol, 2010, 30(12):794-799.
[108] Shah PS, Kalyn A, Satodia P, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of heparin versus placebo infusion to prolong the usability of peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters (PCVCs) in neonates:the HIP (Heparin Infusion for PCVC) study[J]. Pediatrics, 2007, 119(1):e284-e291.
[109] Birch P, Ogden S, Hewson M. A randomised, controlled trial of heparin in total parenteral nutrition to prevent sepsis associated with neonatal long lines:the Heparin in Long Line Total Parenteral Nutrition (HILLTOP) trial[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2010, 95(4):F252-F257.
[110] Kamala F, Boo NY, Cheah FC, et al. Randomized controlled trial of heparin for prevention of blockage of peripherally inserted central catheters in neonates[J]. Acta Paediatr, 2002, 91(12):1350-1356.
[111] 唐军, 熊英. 肝素预防新生儿经外周中心静脉置管相关感染的回顾性研究[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2010, 10(9):1023-1026.
[112] Barekatain B, Armanian AM, Salamaty L, et al. Evaluating the effect of high dose versus low dose heparin in peripherally inserted central catheter in very low birth weight infants[J]. Iran J Pediatr, 2018, 28(3):e60800.
[113] Ista E, van der Hoven B, Kornelisse RF, et al. Effectiveness of insertion and maintenance bundles to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections in critically ill patients of all ages:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2016, 16(6):724-734.
[114] Payne V, Hall M, Prieto J, et al. Care bundles to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in the neonatal unit:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2018, 103(5):F422-F429.
[115] Romantsik O, Bruschettini M, Zappettini S, et al. Heparin for the treatment of thrombosis in neonates[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016(11):CD012185.
[116] Chow LM, Friedman JN, Macarthur C, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) fracture and embolization in the pediatric population[J]. J Pediatr, 2003, 142(2):141-144.
[117] Miall LS, Das A, Brownlee KG, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheters in children with cystic fibrosis. Eight cases of difficult removal[J]. J Infus Nurs, 2001, 24(5):297-300.
[118] Sharpe EL, Roig JC. A novel technique for difficult removal of a neonatal peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)[J]. J Perinatol, 2012, 32(1):70-71.