支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是一种复杂的气道炎症性疾病，影响全球约1亿儿童，给社会和家庭带来沉重负担。研究表明，肠道微生物群对于儿童哮喘的发生和发展起重要作用。该文对肠道微生物群与儿童哮喘关系的研究进展进行综述。通过阐述肠道微生物的组成、功能及与宿主的关系，揭示其构成和功能的改变对哮喘发生发展的影响，同时探讨将调节肠道微生物群作为哮喘治疗新策略的潜在价值和应用前景，为深入研究肠道微生物与儿童哮喘发病机制，开发新治疗手段提供理论参考。

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a complex inflammatory airway disease affecting approximately 100 million children worldwide, imposing a heavy burden on society and families. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma. By elucidating the composition, function, and relationship with the host of gut microbiota, the impact of changes in its composition and function on the development of asthma is revealed. Furthermore, the potential value and application prospects of modulating gut microbiota as a new strategy for asthma treatment are discussed, providing a theoretical reference for in-depth research on the relationship between gut microbiota and the onset of childhood asthma and the development of new therapeutic approaches.