目的 探讨白介素-17（interleukin-17, IL-17）基因多态性对婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏（cow's milk protein allergy, CMPA）易感性的影响及其与肠道微生态的关联。 方法 前瞻性选择宁波大学附属妇女儿童医院2022年1月—2024年10月收治的CMPA患儿100例为研究对象。纳入同期在该院进行体检的健康婴儿100例为对照组。通过电子病历系统获取研究对象的一般资料。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态法检测IL-17A（rs2275913）、IL-17F（rs1889570）位点多态性分布，采用酶联免疫法检测血清IL-17水平，采用高通量测序技术对乳杆菌和双歧杆菌相对丰度进行分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨婴儿CMPA发生的影响因素。 结果 CMPA组有家族过敏史的患儿比例和维生素D缺乏或不足的患儿比例均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。CMPA组IL-17F（rs1889570）基因型分布与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；CMPA组携带A等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，家族过敏史、维生素D缺乏或不足、携带IL-17F（rs1889570）AA基因型为婴儿CMPA的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。CMPA组中携带IL-17F（rs1889570）位点AA基因型患儿血清IL-17水平显著高于携带AG/GG型患儿（P<0.05），而乳杆菌相对丰度和双歧杆菌相对丰度显著低于携带AG/GG型患儿（P<0.05）。 结论 IL-17F（rs1889570）位点基因多态性对婴儿CMPA易感性有影响，其机制可能与影响IL-17表达和肠道益生菌相对丰度有关。

Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene polymorphism on the susceptibility to cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants and its association with gut microbiota. Methods A prospective study was conducted involving 100 infants diagnosed with CMPA at the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University from January 2022 to October 2024. A total of 100 healthy infants undergoing routine check-ups at the same hospital during the same period was enrolled as the control group. Medical information was obtained through the electronic medical record system. IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL-17F (rs1889570) polymorphisms were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Serum IL-17 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of CMPA occurrence in infants. Results The proportions of infants with a family history of allergy and those with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency were significantly higher in the CMPA group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The distribution of IL-17F (rs1889570) genotypes showed significant differences between the CMPA and control groups (P<0.05), with the frequency of the A allele being significantly higher in the CMPA group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a family history of allergy, vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, and carrying the IL-17F (rs1889570) AA genotype were independent influencing factors for CMPA in infants (P<0.05). Infants in the CMPA group with the IL-17F (rs1889570) AA genotype had significantly higher serum IL-17 levels compared to those with AG/GG genotypes (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium was significantly lower (P<0.05). Conclusions IL-17F (rs1889570) gene polymorphism influences susceptibility to CMPA in infants, potentially through mechanisms involving IL-17 expression and the relative abundance of gut probiotics.