目的 分析河北地区社区获得性肺炎（community-acquired pneumonia, CAP）住院患儿呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）感染的流行特征。 方法 选取2019年1月—2023年12月河北省各地、市、县就诊于河北省儿童医院检测RSV阳性的CAP住院患儿作为研究对象，收集临床资料，对其流行特征进行分析。 结果 共收集43 978例CAP患儿的临床资料，RSV总检出率为25.98%；实施非药物干预措施（non-pharmaceutical interventions, NPIs）时期的检出率（30.60%）较未实施时期高。除2022年外，各年份的冬春季为主要流行季节。男性（26.62%）检出率较女性（25.06%）高（P<0.001）。29 d至<1岁组检出率（59.18%）最高；单纯RSV感染更常见，最常合并鼻病毒感染。 结论 河北地区RSV总检出率受NPIs影响，在NPIs期间检出率较高；RSV多在冬春季流行；男性、婴儿期检出率较高；RSV以单纯感染为主，最常混合感染鼻病毒。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hebei Province. Methods Hospitalized children with CAP who tested positive for RSV and were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital from various cities and counties across Hebei Province between January 2019 and December 2023 were included in the study. Clinical data were collected and analyzed to assess epidemiological characteristics. Results The clinical data of 43 978 children with CAP were collected, with an overall RSV detection rate of 25.98%. The detection rate was higher during the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (30.60%) than in the non-NPIs period. Winter and spring were the primary epidemic seasons for RSV each year except in 2022. The detection rate in males (26.62%) was higher than in females (25.06%) (P<0.001). The highest detection rate (59.18%) was found in infants aged 29 days to <1 year. Single RSV infection was more common, with rhinovirus being the most frequent co-infection. Conclusions The overall RSV detection rate in Hebei Province is influenced by NPIs, being higher during their implementation. RSV predominantly circulates in winter and spring. The detection rate of RSV is higher in males and infants. RSV infection is primarily single, most often co-occurring with rhinovirus.