住院患儿人偏肺病毒流行特征及重症肺炎危险因素分析

王祎轩; 路素坤; 黄坤玲; 曹丽洁; 褚亚娟; 牛波

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2502050

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中国当代儿科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10) : 1205-1211. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2502050

论著·临床研究

住院患儿人偏肺病毒流行特征及重症肺炎危险因素分析

王祎轩 ¹^,² ,
路素坤 ²^,³ ,
黄坤玲 ²^,³ ,
曹丽洁 ²^,³ ,
褚亚娟 ²^,³ ,
牛波 ²^,³

作者信息 +

Epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus and risk factors for severe pneumonia in hospitalized children

Yi-Xuan WANG ¹^,² ,
Su-Kun LU ²^,³ ,
Kun-Ling HUANG ²^,³ ,
Li-Jie CAO ²^,³ ,
Ya-Juan CHU ²^,³ ,
Bo NIU ²^,³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的分析住院患儿人偏肺病毒（human metapneumovirus, hMPV）的流行特征及重症肺炎的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2023年12月于河北省儿童医院住院患儿的hMPV流行特征；并纳入2023年4—12月hMPV感染住院患儿的临床资料，通过logistic回归分析重症肺炎的独立危险因素。结果共检测44 092例患儿，hMPV阳性率为7.30%（3 220/44 092）。3~6岁阳性患儿最多（1 318/3 220，40.93%）。不同年份检出率差异有统计学意义（ $P$ <0.001），其中2022年最高（978/7 919，12.35%）。2019—2021年为冬春季流行，2022—2023年转为春夏季。混合感染占比为38.70%（1 246/3 220）。以鼻病毒（600/1 246，48.15%）、肺炎支原体（217/1 246，17.42%）和呼吸道合胞病毒（182/1 246，14.61%）为主。hMPV肺炎主要表现为咳嗽、咳痰、发热。重症肺炎患儿年龄更小（ $P$ <0.05）。有喘息症状、基础病、混合感染及低龄为重症肺炎的独立危险因素（ $P$ <0.05）。结论住院患儿hMPV流行特征存在显著年份及季节差异；低龄、基础病、喘息症状及混合感染是重症肺炎的独立危险因素。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and the risk factors for severe pneumonia in hospitalized children. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of hMPV in hospitalized children at Hebei Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of hospitalized children with hMPV infection from April to December 2023 were included, and independent risk factors for severe pneumonia were identified through logistic regression. Results A total of 44 092 children were tested, with an hMPV positive rate of 7.30% (3 220/44 092). Children aged 3-6 years constituted the largest proportion (40.93%, 1 318/3 220) among hMPV-positive cases. The detection rate varied significantly by year (P<0.001), peaking in 2022 (12.35%, 978/7 919). The peak season of the epidemic was winter and spring from 2019 to 2021, but shifted to spring and summer from 2022 to 2023. The proportion of co-infection was 38.70% (1 246/3 220), primarily with rhinovirus (600/1 246, 48.15%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (217/1 246, 17.42%), and respiratory syncytial virus (182/1 246, 14.61%). The main manifestations of hMPV pneumonia were cough, expectoration, and fever. Children with severe pneumonia were significantly younger ( $P$ <0.05). Wheezing, underlying diseases, co-infection, and younger age were identified as independent risk factors for severe pneumonia (P<0.05). Conclusions There are significant annual and seasonal differences in the epidemiological characteristics of hMPV in hospitalized children. Young age, underlying diseases, wheezing, and co-infection are independent risk factors for severe pneumonia.

导出引用

王祎轩, 路素坤, 黄坤玲, 等. 住院患儿人偏肺病毒流行特征及重症肺炎危险因素分析[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志. 2025, 27(10): 1205-1211 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2502050

Yi-Xuan WANG, Su-Kun LU, Kun-Ling HUANG, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus and risk factors for severe pneumonia in hospitalized children[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2025, 27(10): 1205-1211 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2502050

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