婴幼儿先天性肌性斜颈（congenital muscular torticollis, CMT）的早期筛查、诊断与干预对改善其预后至关重要。目前，国内儿童保健机构及养护人对CMT的认识不足，康复人员专业水平参差不齐，给CMT的诊治带来挑战。《先天性肌性斜颈的物理治疗管理：美国物理治疗协会儿科物理治疗学会2024年循证临床实践指南》提出了17项行动声明，主要涵盖CMT的预防、识别、评估及干预等内容。该指南有助于促进儿童保健机构实现CMT婴儿的早期发现，提高物理治疗师的治疗水平，从而改善CMT的临床结局。该文结合我国CMT的诊治现状对该指南进行解读，以期为提高我国基层儿童保健人员和物理治疗师识别和正确干预CMT的能力提供参考。

Early screening, diagnosis, and intervention for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in infants are crucial for improving clinical outcomes. However, in China, limited awareness of CMT among child healthcare institutions and caregivers, as well as inconsistent professional standards among rehabilitation personnel, pose significant challenges to the effective diagnosis and management of CMT. The "Physical therapy management of congenital muscular torticollis: a 2024 evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy" includes 17 action statements, primarily addressing the prevention, identification, assessment, and intervention of CMT. This guideline is expected to facilitate early detection of CMT in infants, enhance the treatment capabilities of physical therapists, and improve clinical outcomes. This article provides an interpretation of the guideline in the context of the current status of CMT diagnosis and management in China, aiming to offer a reference for improving the ability of primary child healthcare providers and physical therapists to recognize and manage CMTropriately.