目的 探讨家庭关怀和情绪管理在农村小学生社会支持和焦虑间的链式中介作用。 方法 选取湖南省4个县4~6年级小学生作为研究对象开展问卷调查，采用社会支持评定量表、家庭关怀指数量表、情绪智力量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7等收集信息。采用logistic回归分析探讨小学生焦虑症状的影响因素。使用中介分析评估小学生家庭关怀和情绪管理在社会支持与焦虑间的链式中介作用。 结果 共发放问卷4 141份，回收有效问卷3 874份，问卷有效回收率为93.55%。3 874名小学生焦虑症状的检出率为9.32%（95%CI：8.40%~10.23%）。不同社会支持度、家庭功能、情绪管理能力分组间小学生焦虑症状检出率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。社会支持通过家庭关怀和情绪管理影响焦虑症状的总间接效应显著（β=-0.137，95%CI：-0.167~-0.109），且社会支持对焦虑症状的直接影响仍然显著（P<0.05）。家庭关怀和情绪管理在社会支持与焦虑症状之间起链式中介效应（β=-0.025，95%CI：-0.032~-0.018），占总效应的14.5%。 结论 社会支持能直接影响农村小学生的焦虑症状，也能通过家庭关怀和情绪管理的链式中介效应产生间接影响，这为从多角度预防小学生焦虑提供科学依据。

Objective To investigate the chain mediating role of family care and emotional management in the relationship between social support and anxiety among rural primary school students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among students in grades 4 to 6 from four counties in Hunan Province. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Care Index Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management between social support and anxiety. Results A total of 4 141 questionnaires were distributed, with 3 874 valid responses (effective response rate: 93.55%). The prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms among these students was 9.32% (95%CI: 8.40%-10.23%). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms among groups with different levels of social support, family functioning, and emotional management ability (P<0.05). The total indirect effect of social support on anxiety symptoms via family care and emotional management was significant (β=-0.137, 95%CI: -0.167 to -0.109), and the direct effect of social support on anxiety symptoms remained significant (P<0.05). Family care and emotional management served as significant chain mediators in the relationship between social support and anxiety symptoms (β=-0.025,95%CI:-0.032 to -0.018), accounting for 14.5% of the total effect. Conclusions Social support can directly affect anxiety symptoms among rural primary school students and can also indirectly influence anxiety symptoms through the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management. These findings provide scientific evidence for the prevention of anxiety in primary school students from multiple perspectives.