目的 分析儿童鼻咽癌的临床特征、影像学表现、病理学特点、治疗手段及预后情况。 方法 回顾性分析北京同仁医院儿科2021年3月—2025年2月收治的6例儿童（<18岁）鼻咽癌患儿的临床资料，并随访预后。 结果 6例患儿均为男性，发病年龄11~15岁，中位年龄12.5岁，从发病到确诊时间间隔1~6个月。临床症状以颈部肿块（4例，67%）和头痛（3例，50%）为主，部分伴随鼻塞流涕、鼻出血或张口受限等。其中TNM分期为Ⅲ期4例，Ⅳa期2例。6例患儿病理类型均为非角化性未分化型鼻咽癌，治疗方法包括放疗、化疗、手术、靶向治疗、免疫治疗。随访至2025年7月1日，经过综合治疗后5例（83%）获得完全缓解，1例（17%）出现复发、进展后死亡。 结论 儿童鼻咽癌以放化疗联合为基础的综合治疗为主要治疗手段，整体预后良好，需长期随访。分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗有望改善晚期鼻咽癌的预后，未来需进一步研究验证。

Objective To study the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, pathological features, treatment methods, and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children. Methods The clinical data of 6 children (<18 years) with nasopharyngeal carcinoma admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2021 to February 2025 were retrospectively reviewed, and outcomes were followed up. Results All 6 patients were male. Age at onset ranged from 11 to 15 years, with a median of 12.5 years. The interval from onset to diagnosis was 1-6 months. The main clinical symptoms were cervical mass (4 cases, 67%) and headache (3 cases, 50%); some patients also had nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, epistaxis, or limited mouth opening. TNM staging was stage III in 4 cases and stage IVa in 2 cases. All patients had non-keratinizing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma on pathology. Treatments included radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. By July 1, 2025, after comprehensive treatment, 5 patients (83%) achieved complete remission, and 1 patient (17%) experienced recurrence and progression and died. Conclusions Comprehensive treatment based on combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the mainstay for childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma, overall prognosis is favorable, and long-term follow-up is required. Molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are expected to improve the prognosis of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and require further research for validation.