目的：调查新疆学龄儿童A族链球菌（GAS）上呼吸道带菌情况。方法：分别在新疆吐鲁番市区和布尔津县两地采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取9~12岁儿童478名。每季度进行1次咽拭子培养，共4次。结果：采集咽拭子标本共计1 827人次，分离出196株GAS，全年平均带菌率10.7%。其中吐鲁番市为3.7%~16.5%，布尔津县为4.7%~21.4%。两地间带菌率差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.5749，P＜0.05）。两地带菌率均以冬季最高，依次为秋季、春季、夏季。两地各季节间GAS带菌率比较，除秋季差异有统计学意义外，其余3季差异无统计学意义。男性儿童与女性儿童带菌率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；不同民族GAS带菌分别为：汉族分离出133株，维吾尔族分离出22株，哈萨克族分离出41株，各民族间带菌率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：新疆地区吐鲁番及布尔津学龄儿童GAS的带菌率较高，带菌率与季节和民族有关。布尔津县带菌率较吐鲁番市高。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（8）：616-618］

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence rate of upper respiratory tract group A Streptococcus (GAS) carriage in school-age children from Xinjiang Province. METHODS: A total of 478 children at age of 9-12 years from Tulufan City and Buerjin County of Xinjiang Province were enrolled by random cluster sampling. Throat swab cultures were performed once each season for the determination of presence of GAS. RESULTS: In the 1 827 samples, 196 GAS strains were isolated, with a GAS carrier rate of 10.7%. The prevalence rate of GAS carrier in Tulufan City ranged from 3.7%-16.5% compared with 4.7%-21.4% in Buerjin County (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of GAS carrier in winter is the highest, followed by in autumn, spring and summer in both regions. There were significant differences in the GAS carriage rate in autumn between the two regions. There were no significant differences in the GAS carriage rate between boys and girls. Of the 196 GAS strains, 133 from Han, 22 from Uygur and 41 from Hazakh children. There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of GAS carriage among children with different ethic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of GAS carriage is high in school-age children from Tulufan and Buerjin of Xinjiang Province. The GAS carrier rate is associated with the season and ethic group. The children from Buerjin County present a higher GAS carrier rate than those from Tulufan City.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (8):616-618］