目的：通过检测转化生长因子β(TGF-β)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)在儿童原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）肾组织中的表达，了解它们在FSGS中的作用。方法：选择肾活检明确诊断为原发性FSGS肾组织标本共33 例，其中FSGS不伴肾小管间质病变6 例，为实验1 组；FSGS伴肾小管间质病变27 例，为实验2 组；同期因孤立性血尿入院肾活检，病理证实无显著异常改变的肾组织标本共7 例，为对照组。采用免疫组化法检测TGF-β和HGF在3 组肾组织中的表达。结果：TGF-β和HGF在3 组中均有表达,但组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。其中两个实验组的TGF-β和HGF的表达均较对照组明显增加（P<0.01），实验2组TGF-β的表达量高于实验1组，HGF的表达量却低于实验1组。肾小管间质指数与TGF-β的表达呈正相关，相关系数是0.763，P<0.01；与HGF的表达呈负相关，相关系数是-0.461，P<0.05。TGF-β和HGF在FSGS肾组织中表达呈负相关，相关系数-0.425，P<0.05。结论：TGF-β和HGF在儿童原发性FSGS肾组织中的表达增加；TGF-β随着 FSGS病变进展，在肾组织中表达量增加，与肾小管间质向纤维化发展相关；HGF的表达相反，与抑制肾小管间质纤维化的作用有关。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（8）：630-633］

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in kidney tissues of children with primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and the possible role of the two growth factors in the development of FSGS. METHODS: Kidney specimens were obtained from 33 children with primary FSGS and 7 children with isolated haematuria but without FSGS (control group). Of the 33 children with primary FSGS, 6 children had no renal tubule interstitial pathological damage (Experimental I group) and 27 children had renal tubule interstitial pathological damage (Experimental II group). Expression of TGF-β and HGF in kidney tissues was ascertained by the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: TGF-β and HGF were expressed in the three groups, but there were significant differences among the three groups. The expression of TGF-β and HGF in the two experiment groups increased significantly compared with that in the control group. The Experimental II group had increased TGF-β expression but a significantly decreased HGF expression compared with the Experimental I group. The index of tubule interstitial pathological changes was positively correlated with the TGF-β expression (r=0.763, P<0.01), but negatively correlated with the HGF expression (r=-0.461, P<0.05) in the Experimental II group. There was a negative correlation between TGF-β and HGF expression in children with primary FSGS (r=-0.425, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of TGF-β and HGF in kidney tissues is increased in children with primary FSGS. TGF-β might be a fibrogenic factor and HGF might be an anti-fibrotic factor in the kidney in primary FSGS.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (8):630-633］