目的：了解长沙市3～5岁儿童行为问题状况，并对Conners父母症状问卷的中国城市常模和美国常模作比较，以探讨何种常模更适合我国儿童。方法：在长沙市5个行政辖区随机抽取854例3～5岁儿童，由家长完成受试儿童的Conners父母症状问卷调查。结果：应用PSQ美国常模评估发现，长沙市3～5岁儿童行为问题总检出率为20.4％，其中男童28.1％，女童12.4％，两者比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；女童焦虑因子得分明显高于男童（P＜0.01）；学习问题和心身问题是长沙市儿童的主要问题。应用中国城市常模时检出的品行问题、冲动-多动、多动指数异常率高于应用美国常模检出的结果，男童学习问题、心身问题异常检出率显著低于应用美国常模检出的结果，行为问题总发生率以应用美国常模检出率高，两者比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两者对PSQ大多数因子以及总异常率评定结果的一致性较差（Kappa＜0.4）。结论：长沙市3～5岁儿童行为问题特别是学习问题和心身问题检出率较高，值得重视；Conners父母症状问卷中、美常模评估结果的一致性较差，由于中国城市常模符合我国国情和文化背景，建议在实际工作中以选用中国城市常模为宜。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the behavior problems of children aged 3 to 5 years in Changsha and to compare the differences of the results detected by the norm of Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) in Chinese and American urban children. METHODS: A total of 854 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha City and their parents completed the Conners PSQ. RESULTS: The assessment by the norm of PSQ in American urban children demonstrated that the average prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%, with 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls (P<0.01). The factor score of anxiety in girls was markedly higher than that in boys (P<0.01). Learning and psychosomatic problems were the main problems in the children. The prevalences of conduct problems and impulse-restlessness, and abnormal restlessness index detected by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were higher than those detected by the American norm. The prevalences of conduct problems and psychosomatic problems in boys by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were significantly lower than those detected by the American norm, while the total prevalence of behavior problems was higher than that detected by American norm. There was a poor consistency in the assessment results of most factors of the PSQ and the total prevalence of behavior problems detected by the Chinese and American norms (Kappa<0.4). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of behavior problems especially learning problems and psychosomatic problems in children aged 3 to 5 years is higher in Changsha. The consistency of assessment results is poor between the norms of China and America. It is recommended to use the China norm of PSQ in Chinese children aged 3 to 5 years because the Chinese norm is in line with China′s national conditions and cultural background.