目的：调查分析兰州市城区3~6岁儿童2001~2010年的体格发育变化趋势。方法：依据该地地理、社会功能区特征、参考幼儿园公私立等性质，采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，选取35所幼儿园儿童在2001、2006及2010年的体检资料。以身高、体重及体重指数（BMI）为主要指标分析其变化趋势。以Z评分，即年龄别身高（HAZ）、年龄别体重（WAZ）和身高别体重（WHZ）3项指标筛查其生长迟缓、低体重、超重、消瘦和肥胖情况并分析变化趋势。结果：该人群在同年龄段身高、体重、BMI等数值有逐年增长趋势（P<0.05）；且在同一检测年份中该人群身高和体重随年龄增长而增长，BMI随年龄增长呈逐渐减小趋势；Z评分分析发现3项指标平均值逐年增加（P<0.05），低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦的平均患病率逐年下降，而超重和肥胖平均患病率则逐年上升。结论：兰州市城区3~6岁儿童2001~2010年间体格发育变化明显，身高、体重呈增长趋势，生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦等体格发育问题在逐渐改善，但也出现如超重、肥胖等新的体格发育障碍问题。提示应在注重营养不良问题改善的同时高度关注营养过剩的体格发育障碍问题。

OBJECTIVE: To study changes in the physical growth of preschool children aged 3 to 6 yeas in urban areas of Lanzhou from 2001 to 2010. METHODS: Stratified, randomized, cluster sampling was used to collect physical examination data on children from 35 private and public kindergartens located in different urban areas of Lanzhou in 2001, 2006, and 2010. Changes in physical growth were analyzed using body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) as main indices. Growth retardation, underweight, overweight, emaciation and obesity were screened out using height for age (HAZ), weight for age (WAZ), and weight for height (WHZ) and changes from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed. RESULTS: Body height, body weight and BMI increased from 2001 to 2010 in children at different ages (P<0.05). Body height and weight increased with age, while BMI decreased with age. Mean values of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ increased over time, showing that prevalence rates of underweight, growth retardation, and emaciation decreased from 2001 to 2010 while those of overweight and obesity increased. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the physical growth of preschool children in urban areas of Lanzhou from 2001 to 2010 were obvious, with increases in body height and body weight. However, problems such as overweight and obesity emerged. In response, while malnutrition is being solved, attention should be paid to over-nutrition that has an adverse effect on physical growth.