Abstract：OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency and safety of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) transplantation in the treatment of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in children. METHODS: Twenty-two children with PDD were treated, including 13 children with Rett syndrome and 9 children with autism. They accepted hNPCs transplantation voluntarily. hNPCs derived from aborted fetal tissue were injected into the lateral ventricle of the patients under supersonic guidance. All patients were assessed according to the Autism Behavior Checklist before operation, at one and six months post operation, and one year later. RESULTS: No delayed complications resulting from this therapy were observed. The clinical symptoms of 17 patients, including 8 patients with autism and 9 patients with Rett syndrome, improved in varying degrees. The assessment results of the Autism Behavior Checklist for children with autism showed that compared with pre-operative function, social communication scores were significantly reduced at six months after transplantation, and total scores and social communication and language scores were also significantly reduced 1 year after transplantation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hNPCs transplantation is effective and safe for treatment of PPD in children. It deserves a further study
LIU Wei-Peng,WANG Jun,QU Su-Qing et al. Transplantation of human neural precursor cells in the treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorder[J]. CJCP, 2013, 15(10): 860-865.
American psychiatric association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders[M]. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psyserving Chiatric Association, 1994: 65-78.
[2]
Garber K. Autism's cause may reside in abnormalities at the synapse[J]. Science, 2007, 317(5835): 190-191.
[3]
Blundell J, Blaiss CA, Etherton MR, Esinosa F, Tabuchi K, Walz C, et al. Neuroligin-1 deletion results in impaired spatial memory and increased repetitive behavior[J]. J Neurosci, 2010, 30(6): 2115-2129.
[4]
Tabuchi K, Blundell J, Etherton MR, Hammer RE, Liu X, Powell CM, et al. A neuroligin-3 mutation implicated in autism increases inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice[J]. Science, 2007, 318(5847): 71-76.
Bauman ML, Kemper TL. Histoanatomoic observations of the brain in early infantile autism[J]. Neurology, 1985, 35(6): 866-874.
[10]
Mountz JM, Tolbert LC, Lill DW, Katholi CR, Liu HG. Functional deficits in autistic disorder：characterization by technetium-99m-HMPAO and SPECT[J]. J Nucl Med, 1995, 36(7): 1156-1162.
[11]
Cabanlit M, Wills S, Goines P, Ashwood P, Van de water J. Brain-specific autoantibodies in the plasma of subjects with autistic spectrum disorder[J]. Ann NY Acad Sci, 2007, 1107: 92-103.
[12]
Tsuchiya KJ, Hashimoto K, Iwata Y, Tsujii M, Sekine Y, Sugihara G, et al. Decreased serum levels of platelet- endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) in subjects with high-functioning autism：a negative correlation with head circumference at birth[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2007, 62(9): 1056-1058.
[13]
Percy AK, Neul JL, Glaze DG, Motil KJ, Skinner SA, Khwaja O, et al. Rett syndrome diagnostic criteria: lessons from the Natural History Study[J]. Annals of Neurology, 2010, 68(6): 951-955.
[14]
Amir RE, Van den Veyver IB, Wan M, Tran CQ, Francke U, Zoghbi HY. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2[J]. Nat Genet, 1999, 23(2): 185-188.
[15]
Hauser RA, Freeman TB, Snow BJ, Nauert M, Gauger L, Kordower JH, et al. Long-term evaluation of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson disease[J]. Arch Neurol, 1999, 56(2): 179-187.
[16]
Keene CD, Sonnen JA, Swanson PD, Kopyov O, Leverenz JB, Bird TD, et al. Neural transplantation in Huntington disease long-term gragfts in two patients[J]. Neurology, 2007, 68(24): 2093-2098.
Ogawa D, Okada Y, Nakamura M, Kanemura Y, Okano HJ, Matsuzaki Y, et al. Evaluation of human fetal neural stem/progenitor cells as a source for cell replacement therapy for neurological disorders: properties and tumorigenicity after long-term in vitro maintenance[J]. J Neurosci Res, 2009, 87(2): 307-317.
[19]
Lu S, Lu C, Han Q, Li J, Du Z, Liao L, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect PC12 cells from glutamate excitotoxicity-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP through PI3-K/Akt activation[J]. Toxicology, 2011, 279(1-3): 189-195.
[20]
Wei X, Zhao L, Zhong J, Gu H, Feng D, Johnstone BH, et al. Adipose stromal cells-secreted neuroprotective media against neuronal apoptosis[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2009, 462(1): 76-79.
[21]
Kemp K, Hares K, Mallam E, Heesom KJ, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Mesenchymal stem cell-secreted superoxide dismutase promotes cerebellar neuronal survival[J]. J Neurochem, 2010, 114(6): 1569-1580.
[22]
Salgado AJ, Fraga JS, Mesquita AR, Neves NM, Reis RL, Sousa N. Role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal progenitors conditioned media in neuronal/glial cell densities, viability, and proliferation[J]. Stem Cells Dev, 2010, 19(7): 1067-1074.
Einstein O, Karussis D, Grigoriadis N, Mizrachi-Kol R, Reinhartz E, Abramsky O, et al. Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis[J]. Mol Cell Neurosci, 2003, 24(4): 1074-1082.
[26]
Akesson E, Wolmer-Solberg N, Cederarv M, Falci S, Odeberg J. Human neural stem cells and astrocytes, but not neurons, suppress an allogeneic lymphocyte response[J]. Stem Cell Res, 2009, 2(1): 56-67.
[27]
Al Nimer F, Wennersten A, Holmin S, Meijer X, Wahlberg L, Mathiesen T. MHC expression after human neural stem cell transplantation to brain contused rats[J]. Neuroreport, 2004, 15(12): 1871-1875.
[28]
Martino G, Pluchino S. The therapeutic potential of neural stem cells[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2006, 7(5): 395-406.
[29]
Kelly S, Bliss TM, Shah AK, Sun GH, Ma M, Foo WC, et al. Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004, 101(32): 11839-11844.
[30]
Pluchino S, Quattrini A, Brambilla E, Gritti A, Salani G, Dina G, et al. Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis[J]. Nature, 2003, 422(6933): 688-694.
[31]
Zhu QF, Ma J, Yu LI, Yuan CQ. Grafted neural stem cells migrate to substantia nigra and improve behavior in Parkinsonian rats[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2009, 462(3): 213-218.
[32]
Lepore AC, Neuhuber B, Connors TM, Han SS, Liu Y, Daniels MP, et al. Long-term fate of neural precursor cells following transplantation into developing and adult CNS[J]. Neuroscience, 2006, 142(1): 287-304.
[33]
Mendez I, Vinuela A, Astradsson A, Mukhida K, Hallett P, Robertson H, et al. Dopamine neurons implanted into people with Parkinson's disease survive without pathology for 14 years[J]. Nat Med, 2008, 14(5): 507-509.
