目的：探讨纤维支气管镜（简称纤支镜）在小儿难治性肺炎诊治中的作用。方法：60例确诊为难治性肺炎的住院患儿，随机分为灌洗组和对照组，每组30例。灌洗组在给予常规治疗基础上行纤支镜治疗，对照组给予常规治疗。观察并分析两组疗效及灌洗组病原学检查结果。结果：肺泡灌洗液（BALF）培养与痰培养比较符合率为63.3%，两者阳性检出率差异无统计学意义。BALF支原体PCR检测与血清支原体抗体检测阳性率比较符合率为73.3%，BALF支原体PCR检测阳性率高于血清支原体抗体检测，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。灌洗组有效率为97%，疗效显著高于对照组（73%）。结论：纤支镜在小儿难治性肺炎的诊断与治疗方面具有很大优势。

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia among children. METHODS: Sixty children with refractory pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups: lavage and control (n=30 each). The control group received conventional medical treatment. The lavage group was given flexible bronchoscopy besides conventional medical treatment. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. The results of bacterial culture and detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed. RESULTS: The coincidence of bacterial culture results between BALF and sputum samples was 63.3%, and there were no significant differences in the positive bacterial culture results between them. The coincidence of PCR test for antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae between BALF and serum samples was 73.3%. The results of Fisher's exact test showed the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies of BALF was higher than that of serum (P<0.05). The effective rate in the lavage group was significantly higher than that in the control group (97% vs 73%; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The flexible bronchoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia in children.