目的：了解新疆维吾尔族与回族儿童睡眠状况及其相关影响因素。方法：2007年3～12月采取随机整群抽样的方法，在新疆地区 6 个县市的小学随机抽取912名维吾尔族学龄儿童和1019名回族学龄儿童，年龄6~14岁，在严格质量控制下由调查者对家长进行儿童睡眠状况的问卷调查。结果：维吾尔族、回族儿童平均睡眠时间为10.1±1.4 h，其中维吾尔族为9.7±1.2 h，回族为10.4±1.5 h，两民族间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各种睡眠障碍发生率为23.56%，其中维吾尔族发生率为18.42%，明显低于回族（28.16%）（P<0.001）。影响儿童睡眠质量的主要因素有民族、睡眠潜伏期的长短、用否摇床、家族打鼾史、睡前看电视、扁桃体肥大、睡前进食、喂养方式及反复上呼吸道感染等。结论：新疆维吾尔、回族儿童睡眠影响因素较多，应引起儿保工作人员及家长的重视。维吾尔族、回族儿童睡眠障碍发生率不同，有必要对不同民族儿童睡眠障碍的防治作进一步研究。

OBJECTIVE: To study the sleep quality and quantity and their influencing factors in Uigur and Hui children in Xinjiang Province. METHODS: From March to December of 2007, 912 Uigur and 1019 Hui school children (6 to 14 years) were randomly sampled from 6 cities of Xinjing Province. The questionnaire on children′s sleep states and sleep environments was filled in by children′s parents. RESULTS: The mean sleep time of Uigur and Hui children was 10.1±1.4 hrs. The sleep time in Uigur children was significantly less than that in Hui children (9.7±1.2 hrs vs 10.4±1.5 hrs; P<0.05). The mean incidence of sleep disorders was 23.56%. The Uigur children had a lower incidence of sleep disorders compared with the Hui children (18.42% vs 28.16%; P<0.001). Ethnic group, sleep latency, use of a swing bed, family history of snore, watching TV before sleeping, hypertrophy of tonsils, eating before sleeping, feeding patterns and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection were the factors associated with the sleep quality and quantity. CONCLUSIONS: The influencing factors of sleep quality and quantity are multifactorial in Uigur and Hui children in Xinjiang Province. Pediatrician, child health care doctors and parents should pay more attention to children's sleep. The incidence of sleep disorders is different between Uigur and Hui children, suggesting that more research for the prevention and treatment of sleep disorders should be performed in different ethic groups.