目的 探讨中山地区不同生活环境3~14 岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽情况的发生特点。方法 按照2010 年全国0~14 岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查统一方案，以问卷调查的方式，对中山市城区和乡镇3~14 岁儿童为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果 共15 763 名儿童纳入研究，其中城区8 248 名，乡镇7 515 名；男童8 306 名，女童7 457 名。城区儿童既往喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（6.6% vs 3.2%，P<0.05），城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P<0.05）。城区儿童最近1 年喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（2.8% vs 1.5%，P<0.05），城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P<0.05）。城区儿童曾有咳嗽持续1 个月的发生率高于乡镇儿童（7.9%% vs 3.1%，P<0.05）。上述3 个症状的发生率均以6 岁以前发生率较高，各年龄组间的比较，除城区和乡镇女童最近1 年喘息发生率的比较差异无统计学意义外，其余均有统计学意义。结论 中山地区3~14 岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽的发生具有年龄、性别和居住区域的差异，表现为6 岁以前发生率较高，城区高于乡镇，男童高于女童。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the incidence of wheezing and chronic cough in children aged 3-14 years in different living areas of Zhongshan, China. Methods According to the unified program of the 2010 national epidemiological survey of asthmatic children aged 0-14 years, a questionnaire survey of the children aged 3-14 years in rural and urban areas of Zhongshan was conducted. Results A total of 15 763 children were included in the survey. Among all participants, 8 248 were from the urban area, and 7 515 from the rual area; 8 306 were boys, and 7 457 were girls. The percentage of children with a history of wheezing was significantly higher in the urban group than in the rural group (6.6% vs 3.2%; P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group (P<0.05). The urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had wheezing in the past one year than the rural group (2.8% vs 1.5%; P<0.05), and this percentage was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group (P<0.05). Compared with the rural group, the urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had chronic cough (duration 1 year) (7.9% vs 3.1%; P<0.05). The above indices were relatively high in children under 6 years of age, and all but the percentage of girls who had wheezing in the past one year in both rural and urban areas showed significant differences between all age groups. Conclusions The incidence of wheezing and chronic cough varies with age, sex, and living area for children aged 3-14 years in Zhongshan, and it is relatively high under 6 years of age, in the urban area, and among boys.
关键词
喘息 /
慢性咳嗽 /
流行病学调查 /
儿童
Key words
Wheezing /
Chronic cough /
Epidemiological survey /
Child
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 全国儿童哮喘防治协作组. 中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查
[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2003, 41 (2): 123-127.
[2] Lai CK, De Guia TS, Kim YY, et al. Asthma control in the Asia-Pacific region：the Asthma Insights and reality in Asia-Pacific Study [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003, 111(2): 263-268.
[3] 肖晓雄, 黄东明, 阮健, 等. 广东省中山市城区6~12 岁学龄 儿童鼻眼气道皮肤过敏症状的问卷调查分析[J]. 中国循证儿 科杂志, 2009, 4 (5): 453-457.
[4] 叶乐平, 李昌崇, 张海邻, 等. 婴幼儿反复或持续喘息病因谱 分析及诊断程序探讨[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2009, 27(5): 449-453.
[5] 张玉娥, 单蓓兰, 虞炯, 等. 上海市普陀区儿童喘息及哮喘 流行病学调查[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2012, 30(4): 339-341.
[6] 唐素萍, 王世彪, 郑建云, 等. 福州市城乡儿童哮喘危险因 素对比分析[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2014, 52(4): 282-286.
[7] 张晓波, 农光民. 儿童慢性咳嗽111 例病因分析[J]. 中国当 代儿科杂志, 2011, 13(2): 131-134.
[8] 中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组, 《中华儿科杂志》编辑委 员会．儿童慢性咳嗽诊断与治疗指南(试行) [J]．中华儿科 杂志, 2008, 46(2): 104-107.
[9] 中国儿童慢性咳嗽病因构成比研究协作组. 中国儿童慢性 咳嗽病因构成比多中心研究[J]．中华儿科杂志, 2012, 50(2): 83-92.
[10] Liu AH. Consider the child: howearlyshouldwetreat? [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2004, 113 (1 Suppl): 19-24.
[11] 张莉, 黄东明, 邱少珍, 等. 广东省中山地区2-12 岁儿童慢 性咳嗽流行病学调查[J]. 广东医学, 2012, 33(6): 848-850.
[12] 黄东明, 肖晓雄, 何晓玲, 等. 学龄儿童支气管哮喘危险因 素的调查[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2011, 13(5): 370-372.
基金
广东省卫生厅医学科研立项课题（A2005810）；中山市卫生局医学科研立项课题（J2011083）。
PDF(1590 KB)
