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抗生素临床应用控制对新生儿血源性感染的影响
Effects of antibiotic stewardship on neonatal bloodstream infections
目的 探讨抗生素临床应用控制对新生儿血源性感染病原学及临床转归的影响。方法 回顾性研究抗生素临床应用控制前后 （2010年vs 2013年）新生儿血源性感染病例的病原菌特点及其耐药情况和临床转归。结果 2013年的血源性感染收治率、血源性院内感染发生率 （6.47%，0.70%）均高于2010年 （2.78%，0.30%），差异有统计学意义 （P < 0.01），但两年间新生儿血源性感染病例的临床转归比较差异无统计学意义 （P > 0.05）。两年间血培养检出前4位的病原菌均为溶血性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种和大肠埃希菌；两年间超广谱β内酰胺酶 （ESBL）阳性的肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种和大肠埃希菌的检出率差异亦无统计学意义 （P > 0.05）。两年间耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 （MRS）或β-内酰胺酶阳性的溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌的检出率差异无统计学意义 （P > 0.05）。结论 抗生素临床应用控制方案的实施对血源性感染最常见病原菌及其耐药情况无显著影响，但可以促进血源性感染患者的病情恢复。
Objective To investigate the effects of antibiotic stewardship on the pathogen and clinical outcome of neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methods A retrospective study was performed on neonates with BSIs who were admitted to the neonatal ward in the years of 2010 (pre-stewardship) and 2013 (post-stewardship) for pathogens, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic use, and clinical outcomes. Results The admission rate of BSIs (6.47% vs 2.78%) and the incidence of nosocomial BSIs (0.70% vs 0.30%) in 2013 were significantly higher than in 2010 (P < 0.01). However, there were no signicant differences in the clinical outcomes between the years of 2010 and 2013 (P > 0.05). The four most common pathogens isolated from blood cultures, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae and E.coli, were similar between the two years. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of extended spectrum β-lactamase-positve Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae or E.coli between the two years. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus/β-lactamase-positive Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were similar between the two years (P > 0.05). Conclusions Since the implementation of antibiotic stewardship, there has been no marked variation in the common pathogens and their antibacterial resistance in neonatal BSIs. The antibiotic stewardship could promote the recovery of patients with BSIs.
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国家临床重点专科—新生儿学项目资助（卫办医政函[2011]873号）。
