目的 探讨口服锌制剂对婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎的治疗效果及对后续3个月内再发腹泻的预防作用。方法 103例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿随机分为补锌治疗组 （51例）及常规治疗组 （52例）。两组均采用相同的综合治疗方案，在此基础上，补锌治疗组加服葡萄糖酸锌颗粒10 d。观察两组治疗72 h后的疗效、阳性症状消失所需的时间和肠道外脏器损害的恢复情况；同时随访观察两组患儿在后续3个月内再次腹泻的发生率。结果 补锌治疗组总有效率显著高于常规治疗组 （90% vs 75%，P < 0.05）。补锌治疗组治疗后高热、呕吐以及腹泻的持续时间均短于常规治疗组 （P < 0.05）。后续3个月内补锌治疗组再次腹泻以及严重腹泻的发生率均明显低于常规治疗组 （P < 0.05）。结论 口服锌制剂辅助治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎有显著疗效，同时可降低患儿后续3个月再次发生腹泻的可能性以及减轻再发腹泻的严重程度。

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oral zinc supplement in infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis, and its preventive effects against diarrhea recurrence within 3 months after treatment. Methods A total of 103 infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into zinc supplement group (n=51) and conventional treatment group (n=52). Both groups were equally treated with a comprehensive therapy, besides which the zinc supplement group received zinc gluconate granules for 10 days. The treatment outcomes were examined at 72 hours after treatment, and the time required for the disappearance of positive symptoms and the recovery of injured extra-intestinal organs were determined. In addition, these patients were followed up for 3 months to determine the incidence of diarrhea recurrence after treatment. Results The overall response rate in the zinc supplement group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group (90% vs 75%; P < 0.05). The durations of diarrhea, high fever, and vomiting in the zinc supplement group were significantly shorter than that in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05). In addition, the recurrence rate of diarrhea and the incidence of severe diarrhea within 3 months after treatment in the zinc supplement group were significantly lower than in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Oral zinc supplement as adjunctive therapy is effective in treating infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis, and reducing the incidence and severity of diarrhea recurrence in the subsequent 3 months.