目的 探讨深度水解蛋白配方奶喂养对极低出生体重（VLBW）和超低出生体重（ELBW）婴儿生长发育的影响。方法 选取VLBW和ELBW婴儿375例作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组（n=187）和对照组（n=188）。观察组给予深度水解蛋白配方奶喂养，当喂养达10 mL/次后，改用标准早产儿配方奶喂养。对照组给予标准早产儿配方奶喂养。两组持续喂养4周，比较两组喂养不耐受发生率、达全肠道喂养时间、胎便排净时间、自主排便次数、生长发育情况、喂养后第4天和第10天胃动素水平以及感染发生情况。结果 观察组喂养不耐受率低于对照组（P < 0.05）；观察组达全肠道喂养时间和胎便排净时间均短于对照组（P < 0.05）；观察组平均每日自主排便次数多于对照组（P < 0.05）；观察组婴儿体重、头围和身长均大于对照组（分别是1 793±317 g vs 1 621±138 g、30.5±1.1 cm vs 30.0±1.6 cm和43.9±1.2 cm vs 42.1±2.0 cm；均P < 0.05）；观察组婴儿喂养第4天和第10天胃动素水平均高于对照组（P < 0.05）；观察组婴儿感染率低于对照组（P < 0.05）。结论 深度水解蛋白配方奶可提高胃动素水平，增加胃肠道喂养耐受性，促进VLBW和ELBW婴儿早期生长发育，降低感染发生率。

Objective To study the effect of extensively hydrolyzed formula on the growth and development in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Methods A total of 375 VLBW or ELBW infants were enrolled and divided into an observation group (187 infants) and a control group (188 infants) using a random number table. The infants in the observation group were given extensively hydrolyzed formula, and when the amount of extensively hydrolyzed formula reached 10 mL/time, it was changed to the standard formula for preterm infants. The infants in the control group were given standard formula for preterm infants. Both groups were fed for 4 consecutive weeks and were compared in terms of incidence rate of feeding intolerance, time to establish full enteral feeding, time to complete meconium excretion, number of spontaneous bowel movements, growth and development, motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding, and incidence rate of infection.Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had a lower rate of feeding intolerance (P < 0.05), a shorter duration to full enteral feeding and time to complete meconium excretion (P < 0.05), a higher mean number of daily spontaneous bowel movements (P < 0.05), higher body weight (1 793±317 g vs 1 621±138 g; P < 0.05), head circumference (30.5±1.1 cm vs 30.0±1.6 cm; P < 0.05), and body length (43.9±1.2 cm vs 42.1±2.0 cm; P < 0.05), a higher motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding (P < 0.05), and a significantly lower infection rate (P < 0.05).Conclusions Extensively hydrolyzed formula can increase motilin level, improve gastrointestinal feeding tolerance, promote early growth and development, and reduce the incidence of infection in VLBW and ELBW infants.