Abstract：Objective To investigate the association between dopamine D4 receptor gene DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and temperament in school-aged children.Methods Randomized cluster sampling was used to select 350 healthy children aged 8-12 years, and a questionnaire survey was performed. Oral epithelial samples were collected from half of these children. The complete questionnaire data of 164 children with a high level of DNA in oral epithelial samples were included in this study. PCR was used for the typing of DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR, and the effect of this gene and its interaction with the environment on temperament was analyzed.Results Compared with the children with S-DRD4 genotype, the children with L-DRD4 genotype had significantly lower scores on the four dimensions of activity level, reaction intensity, emotion essence, and persistence (P < 0.05). The main effects of mother's rejection/denial (OR=2.281, P < 0.05) and sex (OR=2.766, P < 0.05) and the interaction between sex and DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR (OR=0.582, P < 0.05) had an influence on activity level. The main effect of DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR (OR=0.314, P < 0.01) and the interaction between this gene and mother's rejection/denial (OR=1.872, P < 0.01) had an influence on reaction intensity. The main effect of DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR (OR=0.420, P < 0.05) and mother's rejection/denial (OR=2.236, P < 0.05) had an influence on persistence.Conclusions DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR and its interaction with other factors may affect the activity level and reaction intensity of school-aged children.
SU Ting,LI Yu-Ling,Enherbayaer. Association between dopamine D4 receptor gene exon Ⅲ 48bp VNTR polymorphism and temperament in school-aged children[J]. CJCP, 2018, 20(2): 140-145.
Lee SA, Rice K, Callan SM, et al. Temperament and depressive symptoms in at-risk children:aggression and learning problems as mediating factors[J]. Pers Individ Dif, 2015, 87:35-38.
Faurie C, Mettling C, Ali Bchir M, et al. Evidence of genotypic adaptation to the exposure to volcanic risk at the dopamine receptor DRD4 locus[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6:37745.
[9]
Holmboe K, Nemoda Z, Fearon RM, et al. Dopamine D4 receptor and serotonin transporter gene effects on the longitudinal development of infant temperament[J]. Genes Brain Behav, 2011, 10(5):513-522.
[10]
Papageorgiou KA, Ronald A. "He who sees things grow from the beginning will have the finest view of them" a systematic review of genetic studies on psychological traits in infancy[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2013, 37(8):1500-1517.
[11]
Pappa I, Mileva-Seitz VR, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, et al. The magnificent seven:A quantitative review of dopamine receptor d4 and its association with child behavior[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2015, 57:175-186.
[12]
Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim CH, et al. Lack of association between polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D4 and dopamine transporter genes and personality traits in a Korean population[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2006, 47(6):787-792.
Szekely A, Kotyuk E, Bircher J, et al. Association between age and the 7 repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(12):e0167753.
De Luca A, Rizzardi M, Buccino A, et al. Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon Ⅲ repeat polymorphism with temperament in 3-year-old infants[J]. Neurogenetics, 2003, 4(4):207-212.
Janssen JA, Kolacz J, Shanahan L, et al. Childhood temperament predictors of adolescent physical activity[J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17(1):8.
[25]
Molina MF, Musich FM. Perception of parenting style by children with ADHD and its relation with inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and externalizing symptoms[J]. J Child Fam Stud, 2016, 25(5):1656-1671.
