目的 了解乌鲁木齐市四至六年级学生社交焦虑和抑郁现状，为今后对小学生开展心理健康工作提供数据支持。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市4所民汉合校小学中919名四至六年级学生作为研究对象，采用儿童社交焦虑量表（SASC）和儿童抑郁量表（CDI）评定其社交焦虑和抑郁现状。结果 919名四至六年级学生中，社交焦虑检出率为28.5%（262例）；四年级学生的社交焦虑各因子分及总分均低于五、六年级学生（P < 0.05）；女生害怕否定评价因子分及社交焦虑总分均高于男生（P < 0.05）；维吾尔族学生的社交焦虑各因子分及总分均高于汉族和其他少数民族学生（P < 0.05）。四至六年级学生抑郁检出率为11.2%（103例）；四年级学生低自尊、低效感、人际问题因子分及抑郁总分均低于五、六年级学生（P < 0.05）；维吾尔族学生快感缺乏、负性情绪因子分及抑郁总分均高于汉族和其他少数民族学生（P < 0.05）。结论 乌鲁木齐市不同年级、不同性别或不同民族的小学生社交焦虑和抑郁现状有差异，其中五、六年级学生、女生、维吾尔族学生的问题相对突出，需引起家长、学校和社会的广泛关注。

Objective To investigate the current status of social anxiety and depression among the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in Urumqi, China, and to provide data support for mental health education for primary school students in the future.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was performed to select 919 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students from four primary schools for the Han and minority ethnic groups in Urumqi as research subjects. Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Children's Depression Inventory were used to evaluate the current status of social anxiety and depression.Results Among the 919 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students, the detection rate of social anxiety was 28.5% (262 students). The fourth-grade students had significantly lower scores on each subscale of social anxiety and total score of social anxiety than the fifth-and sixth-grade students (P < 0.05). Girls had significantly higher score on the subscale of fear of negative evaluation and total score of social anxiety than boys (P < 0.05). The Uyghur students had significantly higher scores on each subscale of social anxiety and total score of social anxiety than the Han students and the students of other minority ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Among these fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students, the detection rate of depression was 11.2% (103 students). The fourth-grade students had significantly lower scores on the subscales of negative self-esteem, ineffectiveness, and interpersonal problems and total score of depression than the fifth-and sixth-grade students (P < 0.05). The Uyghur students had significantly higher scores on the subscales of anhedonia and negative mood and total score of depression than the Han students and the students of other minority ethnic groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions There are significant differences in the status of social anxiety and depression among the primary school students with different grades, sexes or ethnic groups in Urumqi. The fifth-and sixth-grade students, girls, and Uyghur students tend to have more serious psychological problems, which should be taken seriously by parents, schools, and the society.