目的 了解乌鲁木齐市四至六年级近视学生社交焦虑的发生情况，分析近视小学生社交焦虑发生的危险因素。方法 采用分层整群随机的抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市4所小学中552名四至六年级近视学生为研究对象，采用自行设计的调查表、儿童社交焦虑量表和自尊量表调查学生一般人口学资料和社交焦虑、自尊现状，并采用多因素logistic回归分析调查近视学生社交焦虑的危险因素。结果 552名儿童中，社交焦虑检出为31.3%（173例）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，较高年级学生、女生以及专制型家庭环境、高度近视、低自尊或戴镜时间 > 2年的近视学生更易发生社交焦虑（P < 0.05）。结论 乌鲁木齐市四至六年级近视学生社交焦虑问题较为突出，其社交焦虑的发生与年龄、性别、近视程度、戴镜时间、父母教育方式及自尊水平等因素有关。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of social anxiety among the fourth-, fifth-and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia in Urumqi, China and the risk factors for social anxiety. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 552 fourth-, fifth-and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia from four primary schools in Urumqi. A self-designed questionnaire, a social anxiety scale for children and a self-esteem scale were used to investigate the general demographic data and the current status of social anxiety and self-esteem. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for social anxiety in primary school students with myopia. Results Of the 552 children, 173 (31.3%) were found to have social anxiety. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher grade, female sex, autocratic family, high myopia, low self-esteem and wearing glasses for more than 2 years were risk factors for social anxiety (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a serious problem of social anxiety among the fourth-, fifth-and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia in Urumqi. The development of social anxiety is associated with age, sex, degree of myopia, time of wearing glasses, parental education style and self-esteem level.