Abstract：Objective To study the role of gamma-delta T (γδ T) cells and its subsets in the immunopathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in children, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of HSP in children from the aspect of γδ T cell regulation. Methods A total of 33 children with HSP were enrolled as the HSP group, and 21 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. The percentages of γδ T cells and its subsets Vδ1+T and Vδ2+T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured, as well as the apoptosis rate of γδ T cell and plasma level of interleukin-17 (IL-17). Results Compared with the healthy control group, the HSP group had significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes in PBMCs and Vδ2+T cells in γδ T cells (P < 0.05). The HSP group had significantly higher percentage of Vδ1+T cells in γδ T cells and plasma level of IL-17 than the healthy control group. The HSP group had a significantly higher overall apoptosis rate of γδ T cells than the healthy control group (P < 0.05), especially early apoptosis. The percentage of Vδ2+T cells was positively correlated with overall apoptosis rate (rs=0.615, P < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with IL-17 level (rs=-0.398, P < 0.05). Conclusions Vδ1+/Vδ2+T cell immune imbalance mediated by γδ T cells and over-activation of IL-17 may be involved in the development of HSP, among which the disturbance of immune tolerance induced by Vδ2+T cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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