Abstract：Objective To study the association of the polymorphisms of the serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) gene at rs4638289 and rs7131332 loci with Kawasaki disease (KD) and its complication coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children. Methods A total of 105 Han children with KD who were hospitalized and treated from 2013 to 2017 were enrolled as the KD group. A total of 100 Han children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. According to the presence or absence of CAL, the KD group was further divided into a CAL group with 23 children and a non-CAL (NCAL) group with 82 children. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to investigate the polymorphisms of the SAA1 gene at rs4638289 and rs7131332 loci. Results For the locus rs4638289 of the SAA1 gene, there were no significant differences between the KD and control groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AT, and TT and the allele frequencies of A and T (P > 0.05). But there were significant differences between the CAL and NCAL groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AT, and TT (P=0.016), while there were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of A and T (P > 0.05). AT genotype was a protective factor against CAL (OR=0.276, 95%CI:0.099-0.772, P=0.011). For the locus rs7131332 of the SAA1 gene, there were no significant differences between the KD and control groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AG, and GG and the allele frequencies of A and G (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between the CAL and NCAL groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AG, and GG and the allele frequencies of A and G (P > 0.05). Conclusions Polymorphisms of the SAA1 gene at loci rs4638289 and rs7131332 are not associated with the onset of KD, while the polymorphism at the locus rs4638289 is associated with CAL in KD patients. KD patients with genotype AT may have a reduced risk of CAL.
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