目的 探讨新生儿高胆红素血症再入院情况及相关危险因素。方法 选择2017年1月至2019年12月新生儿高胆红素血症再入院患儿85例作为研究组，按1：2比例在同期新生儿高胆红素血症未再入院病例中配对随机选取170例作为对照组，分析比较两组患儿的临床资料及再入院的危险因素。结果 研究期间新生儿高胆红素血症再入院率为2.30%，中位再入院间隔天数为5 d。研究组首次出院时总胆红素和间接胆红素水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）；首次住院期间蓝光治疗时间长于对照组（P < 0.05）。研究组出生体重、胎龄、首次入院时年龄均低于对照组（P < 0.05），研究组合并葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G-6-PD）缺乏症比例和合并溶血病比例高于对照组（P < 0.05）。多因素logsitic分析显示，胎龄小、首次入院时年龄小、合并G-6-PD缺乏症是新生儿高胆红素血症再入院的危险因素（分别OR=1.792、1.415、2.829，P < 0.05）。结论 对存在胎龄小、首次入院时年龄小、合并G-6-PD缺乏症等高危因素的高胆红素血症新生儿，应加强住院及出院后管理，防止该病再入院的发生。

Objective To investigate the current status of readmission of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and risk factors for readmission. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 85 infants who were readmitted due to hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled as the study group. A total of 170 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia but without readmission during the same period of time were randomly selected as the control group. The medical data were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia. Results The readmission rate was 2.30%, and the interval between readmission and initial admission was 5 days. Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly higher levels of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin at discharge (P < 0.05) and a significantly longer duration of phototherapy during the first hospitalization (P < 0.05). The univariate analysis showed that compared with the control group, the study group had significantly lower birth weight, gestational age, and age on initial admission (P < 0.05) and a significantly higher proportion of infants with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency or hemolytic disease (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that low gestational age (OR=1.792, P < 0.05), young age on initial admission (OR=1.415, P < 0.05), and G-6-PD deficiency (OR=2.829, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for readmission of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusions The infants with hyperbilirubinemia who have lower gestational age, younger age on initial admission, and G-6-PD deficiency have a higher risk of readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia. It is thus important to strengthen the management during hospitalization and after discharge for these infants to prevent the occurrence of readmission.