目的 探究重组人干扰素α1b辅助阿昔洛韦治疗对传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）患儿免疫功能、炎症因子及心肌酶谱的影响。方法 将2018年1~12月收治入院的182例IM患儿通过随机数字表法分为观察组（n=91）及对照组（n=91）。对照组接受静脉滴注阿昔洛韦治疗，观察组在对照组基础上雾化吸入重组人干扰素α1b。比较两组患儿临床症状、免疫功能、炎症反应、心肌酶谱及不良反应情况。结果 观察组体温恢复正常、咽峡炎消失、颈部淋巴结肿大消失、肝大消失、脾大消失时间均短于对照组（P < 0.05）。治疗后两组患儿CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD19⁺水平均较治疗前升高，且观察组高于对照组（P < 0.05）。治疗后两组患儿CD8⁺、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶水平均较治疗前降低，且观察组低于对照组（P < 0.05）。治疗后两组患儿不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 重组人干扰素α1b辅助阿昔洛韦治疗能有效改善IM患儿免疫功能，抑制机体炎症反应，减轻心肌损伤，进而缓解患儿临床症状。

Objective To study the clinical effect of recombinant human interferon α1b assisting acyclovir on immune function, inflammatory factors, and myocardial zymogram in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM). Methods A total of 182 children with IM who were admitted to the hospital from January to December, 2018, were divided into an observation group with 91 children and a control group with 91 children using a random number table. The children in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of acyclovir, and those in the observation group were treated with inhalation of recombinant human interferon α1b in addition to the treatment in the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical symptoms, immune function, inflammatory response, myocardial zymogram, and adverse reactions. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter time to body temperature recovery and disappearance of isthmopyra, cervical lymph node enlargement, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly (P < 0.05). After treatment, both groups had significant increases in CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, and CD19⁺, and the observation group had significantly higher levels of these markers than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in the levels of CD8⁺, tumor necrosis factor-α, interlukin-6, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB, and the treatment group had significantly lower levels of these markers than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusions For children with IM, recombinant human interferon α1b assisting acyclovir can effectively improve immune function, inhibit inflammatory reaction, reduce myocardial injury, and thus alleviate clinical symptoms.