Abstract：Objective To study the clinical features of very preterm small-for-gestational-age infants born by cesarean section due to severe preeclampsia. Methods Forty-two small-for-gestational-age infants who were admitted from August 2017 to July 2018 and were born due to severe preeclampsia were enrolled as the observation group. Forty very preterm infants who were born to healthy mothers since uterine contractions could not be suppressed were enrolled as the control group. Perinatal features, clinical manifestations of infection, complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed for the two groups. Results Within 6 hours and 2-3 days after birth, the observation group had significantly lower white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and platelet count (PLT) than the control group (P < 0.05). At 5-7 days after birth, there was no significant difference in WBC between the two groups (P > 0.05), while the observation group still had significantly lower ANC and PLT than the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level than the control group at 2-3 days and 5-7 days after birth (P < 0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher proportion of infants with severe infections than the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher hemoglobin level than the control group within 6 hours after birth (P < 0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of pulmonary hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and the rate of use of invasive ventilation, and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). Conclusions Very preterm small-for-gestational-age infants born due to severe preeclampsia have a high incidence rate of infection and severe conditions. Early manifestations include reductions in the infection indicators WBC, ANC, and PLT, and CRP does not increase significantly in the early stage and gradually increases at 2-3 days after birth. Most of these infants require invasive ventilation after birth, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia as the main complication. Clinical changes should be closely observed and inflammatory indicators should be monitored for early identification of infection, timely diagnosis, and timely adjustment of antibiotic treatment, so as to improve the outcome.
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