Abstract：In recent years, the number of premature births worldwide has been increasing, and their long-term prognoses, particularly the cardiovascular outcomes of preterm individuals in adulthood, have become a growing concern. Adults who were born prematurely are at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, which may be related to changes in cardiovascular structure, renal structure alterations, changes in body composition, and overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To improve the outcomes for preterm individuals, long-term follow-up monitoring and effective prevention and treatment measures are necessary. This article aims to review the relevant literature, summarize the risks and mechanisms of hypertension during childhood and adulthood in those born prematurely, and enhance awareness and understanding of the risk of hypertension in adults who were born prematurely.
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