Abstract:Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in children or adolescents, often attracting the attention of others due to involuntary, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics, and drug therapy often causes negative emotions in children and their families due to its significant adverse reactions, poor compliance, and tendency of recurrence after drug withdrawal. In recent years, comprehensive behavioral intervention has shown great potential as a safe and effective treatment modality for tic disorders, with few adverse reactions. This article reviews the advances in the application of comprehensive behavioral intervention for tic disorder in China and abroad in the past 5 years, in order to provide a reference for clinical application.
FU Sai,SONG Qian,HE Xiang-Jun et al. Advances in the application of comprehensive behavioral intervention in tic disorder[J]. CJCP, 2024, 26(12): 1367-1372.
1 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders[M]. 5th ed. Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2013: 31-86.
Groth C, Mol Debes N, Rask CU, et al. Course of Tourette syndrome and comorbidities in a large prospective clinical study[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2017, 56(4): 304-312. PMID: 28335874. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.010.
Garcia-Delgar B, Servera M, Coffey BJ, et al. Tic disorders in children and adolescents: does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(10): 1539-1548. PMID: 33944988. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01751-4.
Szejko N, Robinson S, Hartmann A, et al. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part I: assessment[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(3): 383-402. PMID: 34661764. PMCID: PMC8521086. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01842-2.
Roessner V, Eichele H, Stern JS, et al. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part III: pharmacological treatment[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(3): 425-441. PMID: 34757514. PMCID: PMC8940878. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01899-z.
Andrén P, Jakubovski E, Murphy TL, et al. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part II: psychological interventions[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(3): 403-423. PMID: 34313861. PMCID: PMC8314030. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01845-z.
Woods DW, Piacentini JC, Scahill L, et al. Behavior therapy for tics in children: acute and long-term effects on psychiatric and psychosocial functioning[J]. J Child Neurol, 2011, 26(7): 858-865. PMID: 21555779. PMCID: PMC4007273. DOI: 10.1177/0883073810397046.
Steeves T, McKinlay BD, Gorman D, et al. Canadian guidelines for the evidence-based treatment of tic disorders: behavioural therapy, deep brain stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation[J]. Can J Psychiatry, 2012, 57(3): 144-151. PMID: 22398000. DOI: 10.1177/070674371205700303.
Rowe J, Yuen HK, Dure LS. Comprehensive behavioral intervention to improve occupational performance in children with Tourette disorder[J]. Am J Occup Ther, 2013, 67(2): 194-200. PMID: 23433274. DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2013.007062.
Peterson AL, Blount TH, Villarreal R, et al. Relaxation training with and without comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics for Tourette's disorder: a multiple baseline across participants consecutive case series[J]. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 2022, 74: 101692. PMID: 34543803. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101692.
Furlong Y, Koonamave RL, Sarich E, et al. Refractory case of Tourette's syndrome treated successfully with comprehensive behavioural therapy and aripiprazole[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2022, 58(3): 539-541. PMID: 34036662. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15584.
Petruo V, Bodmer B, Bluschke A, et al. Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics reduces perception-action binding during inhibitory control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 1174. PMID: 31980733. PMCID: PMC6981113. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58269-z.
Zimmerman-Brenner S, Pilowsky-Peleg T, Rachamim L, et al. Group behavioral interventions for tics and comorbid symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(4): 637-648. PMID: 33415472. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01702-5.
Kang NR, Kim HJ, Moon DS, et al. Effects of group comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics in children with Tourette's disorder and chronic tic disorder[J]. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak, 2022, 33(4): 91-98. PMID: 36203883. PMCID: PMC9513408. DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.220013.
Bekk M, Meland KJ, Moen E, et al. Group-based comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) for adults with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorders: a pilot study[J]. Scand J Psychol, 2023, 64(6): 784-793. PMID: 37339108. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12942.
Gur N, Zimmerman-Brenner S, Fattal-Valevski A, et al. Group comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics contribution to broader cognitive and emotion regulation in children[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2023, 32(10): 1925-1933. PMID: 35695947. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02018-2.
Inoue T, Togashi K, Iwanami J, et al. Open-case series of a remote administration and group setting comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (RG-CBIT): a pilot trial[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2022, 13: 890866. PMID: 35958631. PMCID: PMC9360335. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.890866.
Capriotti MR, Wellen BC, Young BN, et al. Evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of tele-comprehensive behavior therapy for tics (teleCBIT) for Tourette syndrome in youth and adults[J]. J Telemed Telecare, 2023. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37545359. DOI: 10.1177/1357633X231189305.
Rachamim L, Zimmerman-Brenner S, Rachamim O, et al. Internet-based guided self-help comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (ICBIT) for youth with tic disorders: a feasibility and effectiveness study with 6 month-follow-up[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(2): 275-287. PMID: 33231786. PMCID: PMC7683326. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01686-2.
Rachamim L, Mualem-Taylor H, Rachamim O, et al. Acute and long-term effects of an internet-based, self-help comprehensive behavioral intervention for children and teens with tic disorders with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or obsessive compulsive disorder: a reanalysis of data from a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 11(1): 45. PMID: 35011787. PMCID: PMC8745193. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010045.
Conelea C, Greene DJ, Alexander J, et al. The CBIT+TMS trial: study protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing neuromodulation to augment behavior therapy for youth with chronic tics[J]. Trials, 2023, 42(1): 439. PMID: 37400828. PMCID: PMC10316640. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07455-1.
Bennett SM, Capriotti M, Bauer C, et al. Development and open trial of a psychosocial intervention for young children with chronic tics: the CBIT-JR study[J]. Behav Ther, 2020, 51(4): 659-669. PMID: 32586437. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.004.
Greenberg E, Albright C, Hall M, et al. Modified comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics: treating children with tic disorders, co-occurring ADHD, and psychosocial impairment[J]. Behav Ther, 2023, 54(1): 51-64. PMID: 36608977. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.07.007.
Xu W, Ding Q, Zhao Y, et al. A preliminary study of comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics in Chinese children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette syndrome[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2022, 13: 997174. PMID: 36440399. PMCID: PMC9691679. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.997174.
Chen CW, Wang HS, Chang HJ, et al. Effectiveness of a modified comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics for children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2020, 76(3): 903-915. PMID: 31782167. DOI: 10.1111/jan.14279.