Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to explore the relationship between the viral load of HBoV and the clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. Methods A total of 1 554 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children who were hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infection between March 2011 and March 2014 were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 RNA and 2 DNA viruses, adenovirus (ADV) and HBoV, and to measure the viral load of HBoV in HBoV-positive children. A comprehensive analysis was performed with reference to clinical symptoms and indicators. Results In the 1 554 specimens, 1 212 (77.99%) were positive for viruses, and 275 (17.70%) were HBoV-positive. In HBoV-positive cases, 94.9% were aged < 3 years, and there were more males than females. In the 275 HBoV-positive cases, 45 (16.36%) had single infection, and 230 (83.64%) had mixed infection. There was no significant difference in viral load between children with single infection and mixed infection (P > 0.05). The patients with fever had a significantly higher viral load than those without fever (P < 0.05). The children with wheezing had a significantly higher viral load than those without wheezing (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load between children with mild, moderate, and severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (P > 0.05). Conclusions HBoV is one of the important pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. Children with a higher viral load of HBoV are more likely to experience symptoms such as fever and wheezing. However, the severity of disease and mixed infection are not significantly related to viral load.
DING Xiao-Fang,ZHANG Bing,ZHONG Li-Li et al. Relationship between viral load of human bocavirus and clinical characteristics in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection[J]. CJCP, 2017, 19(3): 327-330.
DING Xiao-Fang,ZHANG Bing,ZHONG Li-Li et al. Relationship between viral load of human bocavirus and clinical characteristics in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection[J]. CJCP, 2017, 19(3): 327-330.
Johnston SL. Overview of virus-induced airway disease[J]. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2005, 2(2):150-156.
[2]
Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, et al. Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005, 102(36):12891-12896.
[3]
Arnold JC. Human bocavirus in children[J]. Pediatr Infection Dis J, 2010, 29(6):557-558.
[4]
Jartti T, Hedman K, Jartti L, et al. Human bocavirus-the first 5 years[J]. Rev Med Virol, 2012, 22(1):46-64.
[5]
Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S, et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44(7):904-910.
[6]
Arden KE, McErlean P, Nissen MD, et al. Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections[J]. J Med Virol, 2006, 78(9):1232-1240.
[7]
Uršič T, Krivec U, Kalan G, et al. Fatal human bocavirus infection in an 18-month-old child with chronic lung disease of prematurity[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2015, 34(1):111-112.
[8]
Krakau M, Gerbershagen K, Frost U, et al. Case report:human bocavirus associated pneumonia as cause of acute injury, Cologne, Germany[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015, 94(42):e1587.
[9]
Zhao B, Yu X, Wang C, et al. High human bocavirus viral load is associated with disease severity in children under five years of age[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(4):e62318.
[10]
Jiang W, Yin F, Zhou W, et al. Clinical significance of different virus load of human bocavirus in patients with lower respiratory tract infection[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6:20246.
Proenca-Modena JL, Gagliardi TB, Escremde Paula F, et al. Detection of human bocavirus mRNA in respiratory secretions correlates with high viral load and concurrent diarrhea[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(6):e21083.
[13]
Walsh EE, McConnochie KM, Long CE, et al. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain[J]. J Infect Dis, 1997, 175:814-820.
[14]
Kantola K, Sadeghi M, Antikainen J, et al. Real-time quantitative PCR detection of four human bocaviruses[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2010, 48(11):4044-4050.
[15]
Edner N, Castillo-Rodas P, Falk L, et al. Life-threatening respiratory tract disease with human bocavirus-1 infection in a 4-year-old child[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2012, 50(2):531-532.
Zhou L, Zheng S, Xiao Q, et al. Single detection of human bocavirus 1 with a high viral load in severe respiratory tract infections in previously healthy children[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2014, 14:424.
