Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical critical disease and is one of the main causes of death and disability in neonates. The etiology and pathogenesis of neonatal ARDS are complicated. It is an acute pulmonary inflammatory disease caused by the lack of pulmonary surfactant (PS) related to various pathological factors. It is difficult to distinguish neonatal ARDS from other diseases. At present, there is no specific treatment method for this disease. Respiratory support, PS replacement, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, nutrition support and liquid management are main treatment strategies. This paper reviews the research advance in etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies of neonatal ARDS.
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