Abstract A healthy full-term female neonate, aged 3 days and born by vaginal delivery (with a 1-minute Apgar score of 10 and a 5-minute Apgar score of 10), had unexpected cardiac and respiratory arrests in the early morning on day 3 after birth and recovered to spontaneous breathing and heartbeat after a 10-minute resuscitation. The child had poor response and convulsion after resuscitation. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis, and amplitude-integrated EEG showed a burst-suppression pattern. She was diagnosed with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse but improved after hypothermia and symptomatic/supportive treatment. This article reports the first case of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in China and summarizes related risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and preventive and treatment measures of this disorder.
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