CJCP
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2008 Vol.  10 No.  04
Published: 2008-04-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN ENGLISH
441 LI Tie-Kuai, SHEN Ling, KE Hua, LI Fei, NI Li-Meng, LI Qing-Hong
Effects of androgen on the expression of brain aromatase cytopigment and nerve growth factor in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
ObjectiveTo study the effects of androgen on the expression of aromatase cytopigment P450 (AROM) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain and brain ultrastructure in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in order to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of androgen against HIBD. MethodsNinty-six seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation, HIBD and androgen treatment (n=32 each). HIBD was induced by the ligation of left common carotid artery and hypoxia exposure. The rats in the androgen treatment and the HIBD groups were injected intraperitoneally with testosterone propionate (25 mg/kg) and arachis oil respectively immeadiatedly after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). After 24 and 72 hrs and 7 and 10 days of HI, AROM and NGF expression in the cortex and the hippocampus was detected with the immunohistochemical method. The ultrastructural changes of neurons in the cortex and the hippocampus were observed under a transmission electron microscope. ResultsNerve cells of the HIBD group showed obvious injuries including cell organ decreasing, cellularoedema, nuclear swelling, chromatic agglutination, mitochondria decreasing and swelling, as well as an increase in apoptotic cells. Compared with the HIBD group, the nerve cells in the androgen treatment group had integrated nuclear membrane, well-distributed chromatin and abundant cell organs, and less cell apoptosis and increased axon regeneration. There was a positive expression of NGF and AROM in the brain cortex and the hippocampus in the HIBD group 24 hrs after HI. The expression of NGF and AROM increased significantly 72 hrs after HI, peaked 7 days after HI and then began to decrease but remained at a higher level than that in the sham-operation group 10 days after HI. The NGF and AROM expression in the cortex and the hippocampus in the androgen treatment group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation and the HIBD groups 72 hrs, and 7 and 10 days after HI.ConclusionsAndrogen treatment can promote axon regeneration and morphous recovery of nerons and decrease neural apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD. The neuroprotection of androgen is produced possibly through an increase in the expression of NGF and AROM in the brain.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 441-446 [Abstract] ( 4182 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2454KB] ( 1162 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
447 YANG Yu-Xia, QIAO Dun-Yang, CHENG Xiu-Yong, WANG Xin-Xia
Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in lower respiratory tract infection in neonates
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in neonates with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). MethodsSputum specimens for bacterial cultures were collected from 1 173 neonates with LRTL between January 2005 and December 2006. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified. ResultsA total of 707 pathogenic strains (60.3%) were identified, including 521 (73.7%) Gram-negative bacilli, 106 (15.0%) Gram-positive bacilli, and 80 (11.3%) fungi. E Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enteric bacilli were common cultured Gram-negative bacilli. Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, the fourth generation cephalosporin, cebfoperazone/sulbactam and amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus and coagula-negative staphylococci (CNS) were common in the cultured Gram-positive bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were susceptible to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam but were resistant to Penicillin.ConclusionsGram-negative bacilli predominate the pathogens of LRTI in neonates. E Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major pathogens.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 447-450 [Abstract] ( 4107 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1140KB] ( 1341 )
451 LIU Chuan-Jun, YANG Zhen-Yang, CHEN Shen, SHAO Xian-Hua
Combined use of pulmonary surfactants with continuous distending pressure is useful in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants
ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of pulmonary surfactants (PS) combined with continuous distending pressure (CDP) for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsNinety VLBW infants with RDS (weight <1 500 g, gestational age <34 weeks) were randomly treated with a combination of PS and the Infant Flow Advance system which can provide CDP, PS alone or the Infant Flow Advance system alone (n=30 in each group). Clinical symptoms, signs, and blood gas changes were assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 hrs after treatment. The treatment outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsClinical symptoms and signs, as well as the values of PaO2, PaCO2 and pH, in the three groups were improved 1, 6, 12 and 24 hrs after treatment. The combined use of PS with CDP produced a higher PaO2 and a lower PaCO2 compared with the PS or CDP use alone (P＜0.01). The combination treatment group had shorter duration of oxygen therapy and shorter length of hospital stay than the PS or CDP use alone group. ConclusionsThe combined use of PS with CDP can effectively improve pulmonary oxygenation and ventilation and shorten the duration of oxygen therapy and the length of hospital stay in VLBW infants with RDS.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 451-454 [Abstract] ( 4634 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1145KB] ( 1100 )
455 WU Yan, YU Ji- , ZHANG Lei, LUO Qing, XIAO Jian-Wen, LIU Xiao-Mei, XIAN Ying, DAI Bi-Chao, XU You-Hua, SU Yong-Chun
Hematopoiesis support of mesenchymal stem cells in children with aplastic anemia
ObjectiveThe abnormality of hemopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) is involved in the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia (AA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are main source of bone marrow stromal cells which constitute the bone marrow HIM. Thus, the bone marrow failure in AA may be related to the function of MSC. The aim of the study was to investigate the hematopoiesis support function of MSC in children with AA in vitro. MethodsBone marrow samples were collected from 24 children with AA at diagnosis and 19 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), infectious mononucleosis or lymphadenitis (controls). MSCs from bone marrow samples were isolated, cultured and expanded. Morphology, proliferation activity and colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) were measured. The ability of bone marrow MSC to adhere hemopoietic cells was assayed by MTT. The concentration of stem cell factor (SCF) released from MSC was tested using ELISA. Mononuclear cells (MNC) of bone marrow were plated onto a feeder layer formed by MSC. Cells count and BFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-GMME productions were measured.ResultsThe first and third passage time of MSC in children with AA was longer than that in the controls. The number of CFU-F in children with AA (15.70±5.78) was less than that in the controls (21.73±5.74) (P<0.05). The concentration of SCF in MSC supernatants in children with AA (30.69±16.82 pg/mL) was significantly lower than the controls (50.74±14.83 pg/mL) (P<0.01). The total MNC count and the number of BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GMME colonies in the support of MSC in children with AA were significantly lower than those in the controls (P<0.01). ConclusionsThe hematopoiesis support function of MSC was significantly reduced in children with AA in vitro. The decreased hematopoiesis support function of MSC may be related its decreased proliferation capacity and SCF release activity.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 455-459 [Abstract] ( 4933 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1412KB] ( 1404 )
460 XU Fa-Lin, XING Qiu-Jing, CHENG Xiu-Yong
A comparison of auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emissions in hearing screening of high-risk neonates
ObjectiveOtoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) are tests widely used in neonatal hearing screening. This study aimed to investigate the differences and clinical value of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and ABR in hearing screening of high-risk neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsDPOAE and ABR were measured with the Smart-OAE analyser and the Smart-EP brain-stem electric response audiometry apparatus, respectively, in 600 high-risk neonates (1 200 ears). The testing results of DPOAE and ABR were compared.ResultsOf the 600 neonates (1 200 ears), the incidence of ABR abnormality (78.6%, 943/1 200) was remarkably higher than that of DPOAE abnormality (22.3%, 268/1 200). Two hundred and forty-one ears (20.8%) were negative and 252 (21%) were positive in both DPOAE and ABR tests. A total of 707 ears (58.9%) presented with a discordant result in DPOAE and ABR. The false positive and false negative rates of the DPOAE test were 6.0% (16/268) and 74.1% (691/932) respectively.ConclusionsIn high-risk neonates the diagnostic value of DPOAE for identification of hearing loss, when used alone, is limited. The ABR test appears to be more reliable for hearing screening in high-risk neonates. It is suggested that hearing screening for high-risk neonates should be conducted with ABR first, followed by OAE after failure on ABR.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 460-463 [Abstract] ( 4955 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1149KB] ( 5380 )
464 LU Quan-Yi, WANG Zhao, LI Pu, NIU Xiao-Jing, ZHANG Feng, ZHIAO Jiang-Ning
Treatment of stage IV neuroblastoma with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
ObjectiveAt present there is no effective therapeutic approach for stage IV neuroblastoma. We report our experience with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a means of treating this disorder in one child.MethodsA 7-year-old boy with stage IV neuroblastoma received allogenetc hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The donor was his mother who was haploid HLA-matched to the patient. Conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabin and melphalan. Stem cells were collected from peripheral blood and bone marrow of the donor. ResultsThe patient achieved hematopoietic reconstruction and was converted to full donor chimerism according to short tandem repeat sequence-polymerase chain reaction detection. The patient′s neutrophil count recovered to more than 0.5×109/L 10 days after transplantation. The patient′s platelet count recovered to more than 20×109/L 11 days after transplantation. Acute graft versus host disease occurred 8 days after transplantation and was improved after treatment. The patient survived in a 210-day-follow-up.ConclusionsHaploid HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from parent donor was an alternative, safe and effective treatment for children with stage IV neuroblastoma.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 464-466 [Abstract] ( 4862 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1134KB] ( 1521 )
467 XU Zi-Liang, WU Wen-Tang, SUN Zhong, ZHU Xiao-Fan, LI Rui, LI Hong-Qang, QI Yu-Mei, SONG Ji-Chang, HAN Zhong-Chao
Investigation on nutritional intakes for hospitalized children with blood disease
ObjectiveTo investigate the diet and nutritional status of hospitalized children with blood disease in order to provide nutritional guidelines. MethodsThe patients′ daily dietary intakes, including breakfast, lunch, dinner and additional meals, were recorded in detail for seven consecutive days. The intake amount of various nutrients was calculated using the dietary database.ResultsThe majority of children with blood disease showed inadequate intakes of calories［mean 1 825.81 kCal/d, 73.62% of the recommended intake (RNI)］ and protein (mean 67.68 g/d, 81.34% of RNI). Intakes of vitamin E and riboflavin were adequate, but intakes of vitamin A, thiamine and vitamin C (66.67%, 77.78% and 69.89% of RNI, respectively) were inadequate. Iron and selenium intakes were adequate, but calcium and zinc intakes (41.11% and 56.21% of RNI, respectively) were grossly inadequate.ConclusionsHospitalized children with blood disease had decreased dietary intakes of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, calcium and zinc. The dietary pattern and nutritional intake need to be improved.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 467-470 [Abstract] ( 4495 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1144KB] ( 1111 )
471 PAN Xua-Xia, MA Hong-Wei, MAN Ban, DAI Xiao-Mei
Effectiveness of oral osmotic-methylphenidate in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children
ObjectiveMethylphenidate is recommended as a first-line modality for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the past, immediate release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) was used for ADHD. Now oral osmotic-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) is used for ADHD in China. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of OROS-MPH for treatment of ADHD in children. MethodsNinety-nine children with ADHD were randomly administered with OROS-MPH (18 mg/time, once daily) and IR-MPH (5 mg/ time, twice or three times per day). After 6 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effects were evaluated by the SNAP-IV and the IVA-CPT. ResultsFifty patients completed the 6-week treatment. The effective rate (83.3% vs 75%) and the complete remission rate (44% vs 25%) in the OROS-MPH treatment group were higher than that in the IR-MPH treatment group. There were statistically significant differences in the SNAP-IV and IVA-CPT scores before and after treatment in the two groups (P＜0.01). The two groups had a similar incidence of side effects during treatment.ConclusionsOROS-MPH for the treatment of ADHD is effective and safe in children, and its once-daily administration is more convenient.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 471-474 [Abstract] ( 4517 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1142KB] ( 1705 )
475 YUAN Hai-Bin, CHENG Lian-Yang, YIN Fei, ZHANG Guo-Xun, PENG Jing, KANG Ming-Xiu, XU You-Meng, CHEN Yan-Lan, WANG Li
Levels of amino acids in cerebral spinal fluid in children with cerebral palsy
ObjectiveTo study the changes of amino acids in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in children with spastic or athetotic cerebral palsy (CP) by examining CSF levels of glutamic acid (Glu), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate (ASP).MethodsCSF samples were obtained from 13 children with spastic CP, from 14 children with athetotic CP, and from 10 children without central nervous system and infectious diseases (control group). CSF levels of Glu, GABA and ASP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultsCSF levels of GABA, ASP and Glu in the control group were 13.04±2.19, 10.21±0.45 and 8.41±2.26 μmol/L, respectively. Compared with the control group, CSF GABA levels in the spastic and the athetotic CP groups (8.02±2.03 and 10.01±2.68 μmol/L respectively) significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas CSF levels of Glu (20.99±8.15 and 28.77±17.62 μmol/L respectively) and Asp (13.53±3.93 and 14.02±2.88 μmol/L respectively) in the spastic and the athetotic CP groups significantly increased (P<0.01). There were statistical differences in the GABA level between the spastic and the athetotic CP groups (P<0.05). In children with spastic CP，CSF Glu level was positively correlated to muscle tension.ConclusionsCSF excitatory amino acid levels increased, while CSF inhibitory amino acid levels decreased in children with CP. There were differences for CSF amino acid levels in different types of CP. The changes of amino acid levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of CP.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 475-477 [Abstract] ( 4532 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1139KB] ( 1278 )
478 DAN Yun, TIAN Hong, GUI Yong-Hao, HE Lan
Association of nitric oxide and eNOS with the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope
ObjectiveTo investigate the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and eNOS in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope (VVS). MethodsFourteen children with VVS (group A), 10 children with syncope other than vasovagal (group B) and 20 healthy volunteers (group C) were enrolled. Plasma NO levels in groups A and B were determined before and at the termination of the head-up tilt table test (HUT). The G894T polymorphism within the eNOS gene was determined in the three groups. ResultsPlasma NO levels in group A increased significantly when syncope attacked from 76.7±9.6 μmol/L (before HUT) to 90.0±11.4 μmol/L (P<0.05). After the syncope attack was improved, plasma NO level in group A was significantly reduced. There were no statistical differences in plasma NO levels before and after the HUT in group B. Determining the G894T polymorphism within the eNOS gene showed that group A was associated with a higher incidence of the GT gene type as compared to groups B and C (42.9% vs 10%; P<0.05). ConclusionsPlasma NO may be involved in the pathogenesis of VVS. The increased plasma NO level may be associated with the G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 478-480 [Abstract] ( 4009 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1141KB] ( 1157 )
481 GONG Cai-Gui, WANG Xiao-Yi, LIU Jin-Kang, YUE Shao-Jie
MRI diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children
ObjectiveTo study the value of MRI in the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children.MethodsThe MRI appearances of 17 children with cerebral sparganosis proven by pathology or serological test were retrospectively studied. The diagnostic accuracy rate of cerebral sparganosis was compared before and after knowing the imaging features of this disease.ResultsEnhanced MRI was performed in 12 cases, and all of them demonstrated abnormal enhancement. Peripheral ring-type, tortuous beaded shape or serpiginous tubular shape enhancement were found in 8 cases. After analysis of follow-up MRI for 7 cases, a change in location and shape of lesions was found in 2 cases. Typical MRI patterns of cerebral sparganosis included abnormal enhancement such as peripheral ring-type, tortuous beaded shape or serpiginous tubular shape enhancement, and changes in location and shape of lesions in the follow-up MRI. The diagnostic accuracy rate for the 17 cases of cerebral sparganosis at the first visit, after first imaging examination and after several follow-up MR examinations were 0%, 11.8% and 28.6%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy rate of this disease increased to 64.7%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively after the radiologists were trained in the imaging characteristics of the disease.ConclusionsMR findings in children with cerebral sparganosis are specific. Mastering correctly the typical imaging features of the disease can be very helpful in reducing the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 481-484 [Abstract] ( 4324 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2492KB] ( 1223 )
485 WANG Wei, WU Xiao-Yan, SONG Hong-Mei, QIU Zheng-Qiang, WEI Min
Diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome by methylation-specific PCR
ObjectivePrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, multisystem disorder, which is difficult to be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and the purpose of this study is to establish methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) assay for the diagnosis of PWS, and evaluate its use in clinical cases. MS-PCR assay has been developed abroad for 10 years, and it is efficient, fast, specific and sensitive but it has not yet been used in clinical diagnosis in our country.MethodsForty-four subjects were assigned to 3 groups: normal controls (n=16), typical PWS patients (n=7) and suspected PWS patients (n=21). Genome DNA was extracted by salt fractionation method and treated with CpGemoneTM Fast Modification Kit. Using unmodified genome DNA as system control, the modified DNA was amplified by PCR with two primer pairs (M and P), and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.ResultsAll normal controls showed both 174 bp (M) and 100 bp (P) products, while all of the seven typical PWS patients demonstrated only 174 bp (M) product. In the 21 suspected patients, two cases were confirmed with PWS by MS-PCR, while others were excluded from PWS. ConclusionsMS-PCR appears to be a specific, efficient and convenient assay for the diagnosis of PWS.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 485-488 [Abstract] ( 4697 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1200KB] ( 1415 )
489 WU Xin-Yin, HUANG Min-Zhu, ZHANG Yan, CHEN Wei
A case-control study on the risk factors for inguinal hernia in children
ObjectiveInguinal hernia is a common birth defect in children, but there is limited information about the risk factors for this disorder. The study aimed to explore the risk factors for the development of this disorder in children.MethodsA frequency matching case-control study based on hospital group data was performed. One hundred and thirty-two 0-6 years old children with inguinal hernia and 132 aged-matched controls were enrolled. Children′s general characteristics and their mothers′ general characteristics before and during pregnancy were obtained by a questionnaire survey. Risk factors for inguinal hernia were investigated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of inguinal hernia was related to children′s cry and unease records (OR=3.701，95%CI：1.724-7.945), maternal consumption for pickles (OR=2.534， 95%CI: 1.279-5.021) and maternal anemia (OR=3.761，95%CI：1.497-9.450) one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and the family history of inguinal hernia (OR=13.505，95%CI：5.825-31.307).ConclusionsChildren′s cry and unease records, maternal anemia and pickle consumption one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and family history of inguinal hernia are risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia in children.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 489-492 [Abstract] ( 4340 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1146KB] ( 1164 )
493 WANG En-Bei, ZHAO Qun, LI Lian-Yong, SHI Li-Wei, GAO Hong
Expression of COL1a1 and COL3a1 in the capsule of children with developmental dislocation of the hip
ObjectiveThe etiology of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) remains uncertain, but some research has shown that this disorder is closely related to hip joint laxity. This study examined the expression of collagens type I and III mRNA and protein in the hip capsule of children with DDH in order to investigate the roles of collagens type I and III in hip joint laxity. MethodsNine children with DDH and nine age and gender-matched normal children (control group) were enrolled. Semiquantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of COL1a1 and COL3a1 in the hip capsule. Western-Blot method was used to detect protein expression of COL1a1 and COL3a1 in the hip capsule. The quantitative analysis of the COL1a1 and COL3a1 was performed by professional image software and the results were analyzed with standard statistical methods.ResultsmRNA and protein expression of COL1a1 in the DDH group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, COL1a3 mRNA expression in the DDH group decreased significantly (P<0.01), but COL1a3 protein expression was not significantly different.ConclusionsThe decreased collagen I mRNA and protein expression in the hip capsule might contribute to hip joint laxity in children with DDH. Collagen type III may not be associated with hip joint laxity in DDH.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 493-496 [Abstract] ( 3988 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1148KB] ( 1423 )
497 ZHANG Jiang-Lin, CHEN Xiang, LI Ji, XIE Hong-Fu
Clinical analysis of childhood acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
ObjectiveTo describe the etiology, clinical features and treatment of childhood acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).MethodsClinical data from 20 cases of childhood acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis from 1990 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsEighteen cases had a history of medication, including the use of penicillin (n=6), cephalosporins (n=3)，sulphonamides (n=2), algopyrin (n=2), vaccines (n=2 ) and anti-cold drugs (n=3). Fever and generalized erythematous pustules were observed in all 20 cases. Histopathologic examination revealed spongiform superficial pustules and papillary edema. The patients were asked to stop taking suspected sensitizing drugs and received glucocoticoid treatment (1-2 mg/kg daily). After 3-5 days of the treatment, symptoms were improved and the dosage of glucocoticoid was gradually reduced. All patients were healed within 20 days after treatment. ConclusionsThe cause of AGEP is mainly attributed to the use of antibiotics, sulphonamides, antipyretic analgesics and vaccines in children. AGEP is characterized by fever and widespread pustular eruption of the skin. Removal of sensitizing factors and glucocorticoid administration is important in the treatment of AGEP in children
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 497-499 [Abstract] ( 4233 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1515KB] ( 1374 )
CASE REPORT
492 FENG Bing, CHENG Xiang-Hua, QIU Li
Diaphragmatic spasm caused by intervenous drop infusion of dexamethasone in 4 patients from three generations of one family
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 492-492 [Abstract] ( 3265 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1100KB] ( 1094 )
552 QI Feng-Qin, SUN Zhi-Gang, ZHAO Zhi-Gong, SHANG Guang-Zhi
One family report of neurofibromatosis
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 552-553 [Abstract] ( 3024 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1135KB] ( 1079 )
553 CAO De-Zhi, HU Yan, LIAO Jian-Xiang, ZHU Yan-Wei, ZHAO Xia
Hemimegalencephaly: a case report and literature review
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 553-554 [Abstract] ( 3781 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1191KB] ( 1485 )
555 XIAO Dan-Jia, FU Mo-Hai, YOU Chu-Meng, LI Xiao-E, ZHAO Xue-Ting
Congenital syphilis complicated by congenital nephrotic syndrome in one neonate
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 555-556 [Abstract] ( 3580 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1112KB] ( 1137 )
DIFFICULT AND COMPLICATED CASE STUDY
500 ZHANG Jin-Feng, HUANG Rong
Renal tubular acidosis as an initial manifestation in children with malignant lymphoma

ObjectivePrimary renal lymphoma is one of the malignant lymphomas that initially presents in the extra lymphonode, which is rarely seen in children．This study reported two cases of primary renal lymphoma in children who were definitively diagnosed by renal biopsy. Renal tubular acidosis was the initial manifestation in both cases. They were referred to the hospital with chief complaints of polydipsia, polyuria, debilitation, vomiting and anemia. Imaging and laboratory examinations showed bilateral renomegaly, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis. One of the patients discontinued therapy. The other received chemotherapy including prednisone, vincristine, cytarabine and L-asparaginase, combined with intrathecal injections of methotrexate, dexamethasone and Ara-C and supporting treatment. Twenty-three days after treatment, polydipsia and polyuria were relieved, and acidosis, kaliopenia and anemia were improved in the patient. There were no abnormal findings in the renal B-ultrasound re-examination. It was concluded that when a patient is suspected of renal lymphoma, diagnostic puncture and renal biopsy should be performed early. Early combined therapeutics including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and supporting treatments may result in a favorable prognosis in patients with this disease.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 500-503 [Abstract] ( 4356 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1145KB] ( 1227 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
504 SHU Lin-Hua, WEI Ke-Lun, SHANG Yun-Xiao, WU Gong-Min, LI Juan, HAN Xiao-Hua, CA Xu-Xu, LIU Chun-Feng, LI Jiu-Jun, WANG Li-Jie, SHI Qi-Xin
Relationship between alveolar epithelial type II cells and pulmonary surfactant protein A levels in young rats with acute lung injury

ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between the ultrastructural alterations of alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) levels in the lung tissue of young rats with acute lung injury (ALI) in order to explore the possible mechanism of ALI.MethodsForty-eight young Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and ALI groups. The rats in the ALI group were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to induce ALI. The control subjects were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Rats were sacrificed at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS or NS injection. Lung samples were obtained from the lower parts of the left lung and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscope examination and for Western blot test of SP-A. ResultsThe microvilli of AEC-II disappeared 24 hrs after LPS injection. After 24 and 48 hrs of LPS injection, lamellar body (Lb) increased in number, enlarged in size and reduced in density, and the ring-like arrangement of Lb was present. By 48 hrs after LPS injection, giant Lb with vacuole-like deformity appeared. The contents of lung SP-A in the ALI group 24 hrs (6.52±0.62 vs 5.02±0.35；P<0.01) and 48 hrs (6.65±0.62 vs 5.01±0.36；P<0.01) after LPS injection were significantly higher than those in the control group. By 72 hrs after LPS injection, Lbs ruptured and were reduced in number. The shape of the nuclei was irregular and the border was blurred. The content of lung SP-A was greatly reduced in the ALI group 72 hrs after LPS injection compared with that in the control group (3.87±0.50 vs 5.22±0.36; P<0.01).ConclusionsThe alterations of AEC-II and lung SP-A were time-dependent in young rats with ALI induced by LPS. In the early stage of ALI, the lung SP-A content showed a compensatory increase. With the increasing injury of AEC-II cells, the secretion of SP-A presented with a decompensation and the lung SP-A content decreased. This may be one possible mechanism for the development of ARDS.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 504-508 [Abstract] ( 4377 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1429KB] ( 1548 )
509 GUO Hui, OU Yang-Ying
Curative effect and possible mechanisms of topiramate in treatment of Tourette syndrome in rats
ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of Toutette syndrome (TS) is associated with the disorders of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA) and excitatory amino acids (EAA). Antiepileptic drugs such as topiramate have shown some effects on TS, but the mechanism has not been clearly identified. The objective of the research was to evaluate the relationship between the pathogenesis of TS and abnormality of neurotransmitters by determining the levels of brain free DA and plasma EAA in iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) induced head twitch response (HTR) rats, and to investigate the effects of topiramate on HTR induced by IDPN.MethodsForty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank control, TS model, and haloperidol-(0.5 mg/kg) and topiramate-treated (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). HTR was induced by 7-day peritoneal injections of IDPN (150 mg/kg daily) and was used as TS model. Brain free DA levels and plasma levels of EAA were measured using ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography respectively 35 days after haloperidol or topiramate administration.ResultsBrain free DA levels were significantly lower and plasma EAA levels were significantly higher in the TS model group compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.05). Topiramate of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of IDPN-induced HTR and significantly increased the level of brain free DA when compared with the TS model group (P<0.05). Topiramate of 20 mg/kg treatment as haloperidol treatment significantly decreased plasma EAA levels compared with the TS model group (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of TS is related to the super-sensitivity of DA receptor in the center nervous system and the over-effect of plasma EAA. Topiramate can reduce IDPN-induced HTR, probably through the inhibition of DA and DA-receptor combination in the brain and the secretion and release of plasma EEA.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 509-512 [Abstract] ( 3764 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1151KB] ( 1401 )
513 WU Li-Wen, YIN Fei, PENG Jing, WANG Wei-Dong, GAN Na
The tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and actin participate in the permeability increasing of blood-brain barrier induced by hypoxia-ischemia
ObjectiveTo study the changes of blood-brain barrier-tight junction (BBB-TJ) proteins ZO-1, occludin and actin following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in order to explore the possible mechanism of permeability increasing of blood-brain barrier (BBB) induced by HI.MethodsBBB models were established by co-culture of cell ECV304 and astrocytes (AS) in vitro, then randomly assigned to control and HI groups. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the changes of BBB-TJ. The distribution of actin was determined by direct-immunofluorescence microscope. Definite permeability of BBB models by 125I-BSA was detected by γ events-per-unit-time meter. Expression of actin, ZO-1 and occludin was detected by Western blot.ResultsAfter 10-day culture, endothelial cells connected tightly, with plenty of TJ which was smooth, continuous and of high density, in the BBB models. After 5 hrs of HI, the TJ was opened with intercellular gaps formation. The direct immunofluotescence showed that the peripheral filament bands became blurred, the cell-cell junction loosed and fissure appeared in the HI group. The permeability of 125I-BSA in the HI group increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). Expression of ZO-1 decreased markedly, while expression of actin and occludin was not different in the HI group compared with the control group.ConclusionsThe changes in occludin distribution and decreased expression of ZO-1 lead the reorganization of BBB-actin protein, which may be one of the mechanisms of permeability increasing of BBB following HI.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 513-516 [Abstract] ( 5691 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1408KB] ( 1798 )
517 LIU Hai-Pei, QIAN Chi-Ling, WONG Wei, ZHU Li-Wei, SUN Bo
Effects of conventional mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume on the expression of growth factors and inflammatory mediators in developing porcine lungs
ObjectiveTo study the effects of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) with low tidal volume on developmental porcine lungs by examining the expression of growth factors and inflammatory mediators.MethodsTwelve preterm piglets born at 99 days of gestational age, 12 term neonatal piglets and 11 young piglets ( 4-5-weeks old) were randomly placed on CMV or were not ventilated (control group). The ventilator settings were adjusted to provide a tidal volume of 6-8 mL/kg in order to maintain a normal blood-gas value. After 6 hrs (preterm piglets) or 24 hrs (neonatal and young piglets) of mechanical ventilation, the mRNA expression of growth factors PDGF-B, IGF-I, KGF, HGF, VEGF and TGF-β1 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the lung tissue was measured using RT-PCR. Growth factor protein expression was measured with immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn preterm piglets, the CMV group had increased mRNA expression of PDGF-B (5.11±0.10 vs 4.88±0.01), IL-1β (4.95±0.27 vs 4.08±0.37), IL-6 (4.76±0.27 vs 4.00±0.28) and IL-8 (5.31±0.57 vs 4.15±0.46), but decreased IGF-I mRNA expression (3.54±0.13 vs 3.80±0.11) compared with those in the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). In term neonatal piglets and young piglets, there were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines between the CMV and control groups.ConclusionsCMV caused inflammatory injury in immature lungs by increasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and PDGF-B and decreasing IGF-I expression. However, CMV had no effects on pulmonary expression of growth factors and inflammatory mediators in term neonatal piglets and young piglets.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 517-522 [Abstract] ( 4151 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2474KB] ( 1171 )
523 CHEN Guo-Bing, XU Feng, LU Zhong-Yi, KUANG Feng-Wu
Changes of aquaporin expression during lung development in rats
ObjectiveMany studies have shown that tissue development is closely correlated with fluid transport. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of cell membrane proteins that actively and selectively transport water. This study aimed to investigate the changes of AQPs expression during lung development in rats in order to elucidate the role of AQPs in the rat lung development.MethodsAQP1, AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 proteins and mRNA in the lung cell membrane were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively in the 20-day-old embryo (E20), 7-day-old newborn rat, and one-month-old young and adult rats. The correlation between AQPs expression and lung development was studied.ResultsWith increasing age, the lung development showed a dynamic and successive course, with the most rapid from the fetus to the newborn rat, and then a slowed down afterwards. AQPs mRNA was weakly expressed in the lung of the E20 group. Lung AQPs mRNA and protein increased rapidly after birth until adulthood. The AQPs distribution patterns in the lung were unique with no duplication. There was a positive correlation between AQPs expression and lung development (P<0.05). ConclusionsIn addition to being involved in the transepithelial transport of water in the lung, AQPs is also related to its development.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 523-526 [Abstract] ( 3864 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1707KB] ( 1170 )
527 LI Min, SONG Li, ZHANG Jian-Bei, FANG Jun, LI Lan
Effect of glucocorticoid on CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in asthmatic mice

ObjectiveTo determine the changes of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the mouse model of asthma and the effects of glucocorticoid inhalation on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels. MethodsThirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: asthma model, glucocor-ticoid treatment and control. Asthma was induced by OVA administration in the asthma model and the glucocorticoid treatment groups. The glucocorticoid treatment group received budesonide inhalation (0.8 mg/L) before the challenge of asthma. After 24 hrs of the last challenge, the lung tissues of middle lobe of the right lung were obtained for the observation of lung pathological changes. Peripheral anticoagulated blood and lung lymph cells suspension were collected. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in CD4+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in plasma were measured using ELISA. ResultsThe percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and lung lymph cells suspension in the asthma model group was significantly lower than the control group ( P<0.01). The glucocorticoid-treated asthma group showed an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells compared with the asthma model group (P<0.01) and a similar percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and lung lymph cells suspension to the control group. Compared with the control group, plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 decreased significantly in the asthma model group (P<0.01). After glucocorticoid treatment plasma IL-10 level increased significantly (P<0.01) and was similar to that in the control group, while plasma TGF-β1 level remained lower than that in the control group.ConclusionsThe percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 decreased in asthmatic mice，which might contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. Glucocorticoid can increase the percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and the levels of IL-10 and thus provides protective effects against asthma. The changes of the percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood were consistent with those in the lung, suggesting that monitoring the changes of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood may be useful to understand the changes of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the lung.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 527-530 [Abstract] ( 4427 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1604KB] ( 1336 )
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
531 TANG Wen, WANG Shao-Feng, LU Qin, TANG JIng, ZHANG Yan
Application of adult colonoscope in lower digestive tract bleeding in children: experience of 41 cases
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 531-532 [Abstract] ( 3137 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1120KB] ( 1029 )
533 LIU Hui, JIANG Yu-Gong, CHEN Yan-Ping, LI Hai-Feng
Renal function of infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis

No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 533-534 [Abstract] ( 3165 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1121KB] ( 1143 )
535 WEI Jing-Hai, SHI Qiang, HU Li-Hua
Adverse reactions caused by new antiepileptic drug administration in children
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 535-536 [Abstract] ( 3125 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1116KB] ( 1224 )
537 ZHAO Bai-Li, YAN An-Ping, SUN Xian-Ling, ZHANG Hui-Ling, LI Li, ZHANG Yong-Chao
Influence of exchange transfusion with different proportions of erythrocytes and plasma on neonatal anemia
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 537-538 [Abstract] ( 3063 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1123KB] ( 1193 )
539 GAO Xi-Rong, WU Yun-Qin, LI Lei, HUANG Mei, LIU Xin-Hui
Clinical analysis of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 539-540 [Abstract] ( 3600 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1120KB] ( 1322 )
541 LI Jun, ZHOU Ai-Qing, YANG Jian-Ping, HUANG Mei-Rong, ZHU Min, XING Hai-Hua
Characteristics of postoperative ectopic junctional ectopic tachycardia in children with congenital heart disease
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 541-542 [Abstract] ( 3393 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1114KB] ( 1161 )
543 ZHANG Xi-Feng, ZHANG Chun-Xiu, SHI Hong-Lei, QIAN Li-Wei
Value of MRI in severe viral encephalitis in children
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 543-544 [Abstract] ( 3322 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1122KB] ( 1259 )
545 ZHAN Xin-Hua, HUANG Yong-Xin, ZHU Jian-Xian, WU Jie-Huang, CHEN Jian-Chong, XIE Bao-Gen
Treatment of especially serious burns in 126 children
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 545-546 [Abstract] ( 3071 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1122KB] ( 1196 )
547 Stefan GROSEK, Damjan OSREDKAR, Metka DERGANC, David NEUBAUER, Janez PRIMO
Detection of seizures with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in a neonate treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Infants with severe cardiorespiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are at risk of hypoxic-ischemic injury and infarction of the brain, intracranial hemorrhage, and seizures. Consequently, this can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. We present a neonate treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to diaphragmatic hernia. The infant′s brain function was continuously monitored with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography. The child experienced clinical seizures and subclinical seizure discharges, detected by amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, permitting the opportunity to treat them and adjust the anticonvulsive treatment accordingly.
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 547-551 [Abstract] ( 3331 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1929KB] ( 896 )
REVIEW
557 GUO Wei-Wei, SUN Jian-Hua
Research advance on risk factors for nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit and prevention strategies
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 557-561 [Abstract] ( 3236 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1158KB] ( 1268 )
562 LIU Peng-Ju, MA Fang
Research advance on Prader-willi syndrome
No abastract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 562-564 [Abstract] ( 3485 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1169KB] ( 1228 )
565 WANG Yu, LU Zhu-Jin
Lung protection of recruitment maneuver
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 565-568 [Abstract] ( 3218 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1146KB] ( 1183 )
569 HE Ya-Fang, CHEN Hui-Jin
Research progress in the death pathway of oligodendrocyte precursor cell induced by either ischemia or infection and the blockage of the related links in the death pathway
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 569-572 [Abstract] ( 3378 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1149KB] ( 1270 )
SPECIALIST LECTURE
573 WANG Li
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric mercury poisoning
No abstract available
2008 Vol. 10 (04): 573-576 [Abstract] ( 3077 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1386KB] ( 2086 )
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