CJCP
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2012 Vol.  14 No.  4
Published: 2012-04-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
241 WU Tong-Fei, LIU Yu-Peng, WANG Qiao, LI Xi-Yuan, MA Yan-Yan, SONG Jin-Qing, YANG Yan-Ling
Intrahepatic cholestasis due to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency in a Chinese boy
Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency is a common cause of mitochondrial disease in children. This study aimed to review the clinical, enzymatic and genetic characteristics of a Chinese boy with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis due to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency. The boy developed diarrhea from the age of 13 months, followed by progressive body weight loss, jaundice and weakness. His urine organic acids, blood amino acids and acylcarnitines profiles were normal. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to V activities in peripheral leukocytes were measured using spectrophotometric assay. Complex I activity was reduced. 5821G>A mutation was indentified by gene sequencing on tRNA-cys of mitochondrial gene in the patient and his mother. Vitamin supplements, liver protection, antibiotics and plasma infusion were not effective in the patient. Unfortunately, the boy died at the age of 17 months. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency is the most common mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder. This was the first case of intrahepatic cholestasis due to complex I deficiency confirmed by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity assay and gene analysis in China. It was concluded that mitochondrial hepatopathy is one of major causes of metabolic hepatopathy. Biochemical assay, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities assay and genetic analysis are crucial for the etiological diagnosis of metabolic hepatopathy.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 241-246 [Abstract] ( 6556 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1324KB] ( 1504 )
297 LUAN Bin, FENG Mei-Jing, QIAO Jun-Ying
Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on serum IL-4, serum IL-8 and pulmonary VEGF expression in mice with asthma
OBJECTIVE: To study the regulatory role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) in the development of bronchial asthma by examining the effects of LPS on serum IL-4, serum IL-8 and pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in mice with asthma. METHODS: Twenty-seven BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into control, asthma and LPS-treated asthma groups (n=9 each). Serum IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations were measured using ELISA. VEGF expression in lung tissues was examined using the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Serum IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations in the asthma group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). LPS treatment significantly decreased serum IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations compared with the asthma group (P<0.05), although levels were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Airway VEGF expression in the asthma group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). LPS treatment significantly decreased airway VEGF expression compared with the asthma group (P<0.05), although concentrations remained higher than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LPS can decrease serum IL-4, serum IL-8 and pulmonary VEGF expression in mice with asthma, and thus can possibly reduce both airway inflammation and airway vascular remodeling.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 297-300 [Abstract] ( 5614 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1092KB] ( 1335 )
301 CAI Qun, XU Mei-Yu
Protective effect of rosiglitazone against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats
OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of PPAR gamma ligand rosiglitazone (RGZ) against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. METHODS: Ninety-six neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (room air exposure), hyperoxia (85%-90% oxygen exposure) and RGZ treatment［85%-90% oxygen exposure plus RGZ solution injection (2 mg/kg, once daily)］. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate histological changes in lung tissues. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leucocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. RESULTS: No pathological changes were found in the control group at any time point after exposure. Alveolar epithelial cell swelling, interstitial edema and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells were found in the hyperoxia group 3 days after exposure. At 14 days after exposure, the number of pulmonary alveoli was reduced, alveolus interstitium had thickened and organizational structure had become disordered in the hyperoxia group. The RGZ treatment alleviated significantly the hyperoxia induced alterations in lung pathology. Radial alveoli count (RAC) decreased significantly in the hyperoxia group compared with the control group from 3 days through to 14 days after exposure (P<0.05). The RGZ treatment group showed significantly increased RAC compared with the hyperoxia group at 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure (P<0.05). MDA content and leucocyte count in BALF increased significantly in the hyperoxia group 3 days after exposure (P<0.05), reached a peak 7 days after exposure (P<0.01) and remained higher 14 days after exposure (P<0.05) compared with the control group. The RGZ treatment group significantly decreased MDA content and leucocyte count compared with the hyperoxia group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperoxia may cause acute and chronic pulmonary injuries in neonatal rats, characterized by acute inflammatory reactions and decreased alveolus in lungs. RGZ may have protective effects against hyperoxia induced lung injury.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 301-305 [Abstract] ( 4992 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1513KB] ( 1163 )
306 ZHANG Jin-Feng, HUANG Rong,YANG Yu-Jia, XU Jun, JIN Shi-Jie
Features of pathological changes in the non-myelin sheath of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hot!
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological changes in the non-myelin sheath by observing histological damages to the neurofilament protein and apoptosis of neurons in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and EAE (24 rats in each group). Behavioral changes were observed. Inflammation reactions and demyelination were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining and LOYEZ staining.The level of neurofilament was detected by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of the neuron in the spinal cord was detected by TUNEL. RESULTS: Behavioral and histological results confirmed that the model of EAE rats was prepared successfully. In the EAE group, typical morphological features of axonal damage (sparsed axonal density, axonal distortion, axonal transection and even axonal disappearance) were found from the seventh day after immunization and the morphological changes were the most obvious on the fourteenth day. Neurofilament density in the EAE group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.01) at 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization. The neuronal apoptosis index in the EAE group at 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to inflammatory demyelination, axonal damage and neuronal apoptosis can be observed in the early stage of EAE. Pathological changes may be associated with neurological dysfunction.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 306-309 [Abstract] ( 5120 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1158KB] ( 1316 )
310 YUAN Xin-Yu, ZHOU Chun-Ju, NONG Guang-Min, LIU Xiu-Yun, HUANG Rong-Yan, ZHAO Shun-Ying, CHEN Zhi-Min, ZHAO De-Yu, LIU En-Mei, DENG Li, ZHENG Yue-Jie, LU Ji-Rong, SHANG Yun-Xiao, ZHANG Hai-Ling, PENG Y
Findings of high resolution computerized tomography of the chest in children with interstitial lung disese
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 310-313 [Abstract] ( 4042 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1033KB] ( 1500 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
247 HAN Lu-Yan, WANG Dan-Hua
Effect of early protein and energy intake on the growth of premature infants
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of early protein and energy intake on early growth velocity of premature infants. METHODS: Clinical data on premature infants with a birth weight of less than 1800 g were collected retrospectively, including records of general status, enteral and parenteral nutrition and growth parameters. These premature infants were divided into two groups according to the timing of amino acid administration: early supplementation (the first 24 hrs of life; EAA group; n=112) and late supplementation (after 24 hrs of life; LAA group; n=52). Protein and energy intake, protein/energy ratio and growth velocity during hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association of early protein and energy intake and protein/energy ratio with growth velocity of infants. RESULTS: Compared with the LAA group, the EAA group presented lower weight loss (6.3% vs 8.8%), shorter time to return to birth weight (7 days vs 9 days), and higher head circumference growth (0.79±0.25 cm/week vs 0.55±0.25 cm/week) and weight growth velocity(20±3 g/kg?d vs 17±3 g/kg?d) (P<0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that protein and energy intake and protein/energy ratio on the 3rd and 7th days of life were positively correlated with weight growth velocity. The protein and energy intake per week after returning to birth weight was positively correlated with weight growth velocity (r= 0.709, P<0.01). Significant correlations were found between the protein and energy intake and both head circumference and length growth velocity on the 3rd and the 7th days of life. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of amino acids can reduce weight loss, shorten the time taken to return to birth weight, and increase weight and head circumference growth velocity in premature infants. An appropriate increase in protein intake can improve weight, circumference and length growth velocity.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 247-252 [Abstract] ( 5556 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1249KB] ( 1566 )
253 LIU Yun, LI Li, LIANG Wen-Ying, NIE Chun-Xia
Comparisons of efficacy of different pulmonary surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of imported pulmonary surfactant (PS) pig lung phospholipids injection (pig PS) and domestic cattle lung surface-active agent (cattle PS) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). METHODS: A total of 180 cases of grade IV NRDS receiving pig PS (n=90) or cattle PS treatment (n=90) were enrolled. The blood gas analysis and chest X-ray results and the incidence of complications after treatment, and hospitalization time and cost were compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: The efficiency rate in the pig PS group (97%) was higher than in the catle PS group (83%) (P<0.01). The cure rate in the pig PS group was also higher than in the cattle PS group (84% vs 66%; P<0.01). The incidence of pneumothorax in the pig PS group was lower than in the cattle PS group (3% vs 7%; P<0.05). The hospitalization time in the pig PS group was shorter than in the cattle PS group (21±4 days vs 23±4 days; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the total hospitalization cost between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pig PS seems to be superior to cattle PS in the treatment of grade IV NRDS.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 253-255 [Abstract] ( 6132 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 898KB] ( 1670 )
256 SUN Ling-Ling, CHEN Yun-Sheng, YU Zhen-Zhu, HUANG Bao-Xing, XU Gang, MA Dong-Li, LI Chang-Gang, LIU Lei, LIU Xiao-Hong
Genetic factors in the occurrence of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
OBJECTIVE: To study association of uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase1A1 (UGT1A1) Gly71Arg, UGT1A1 promoter TATA-box and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene mutations with the occurrence of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: The TATA-box, exon 1 and exon 5 of the UGT1A1 gene and the exon 12 of G6PD gene were amplified by PCR. The products of PCR were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. Clones for the mutations of the UGT1A1 gene and the G6PD gene were constructed in order to identify the results of the products of PCR. Seventy-two neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (case group) and 65 healthy neonates (control group) were enrolled. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms of UGT1A1 Gly71Arg and UGT1A1 TATA-box were compared between the two groups. The effects of UGT1A1 Gly71Arg, UGT1A1 promoter TATA-box and G6PD gene mutations on the development of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the genotype distribution of Gly71Arg polymorphism of UGT1A1 gene between the case and control groups (P0.05). The OR and 95%CI values of UGT1A1 Gly71Arg, UGT1A1 TATA-box and G6PD gene mutations associated with the development of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were 5.468 (2.274, 12.818), 0.688 (0.266, 1.778) and 5.081 (1.070, 24.133) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: UGT1A1 Gly71Arg and G6PD gene mutations may be involved in the development of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 256-259 [Abstract] ( 6415 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 922KB] ( 1481 )
260 LI Yu-Hua, WEN Fei-Qiu, XIAO Zhi-Hui, CHEN Yi-Xin, ZHANG Zhao-Xia, CHEN Li-Li
Genetic polymorphism of GST gene in children with infectious mononucleosis and acute lymphocytic leukemia
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis (IM) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children. METHODS: The case-control study involved 106 children with IM, 41 children with ALL and a control group of 100 children with non-hematologic and nontumorous diseases. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Distribution of the genotypes in the children was analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in children with IM was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The risk of IM in children carrying GSTT1 null genotype was 2.186 times higher than in those carrying GSTT1 non-null genotype. The children carrying both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype had a higher risk of suffering from IM compared to those carrying only one of the null genotypes (OR=4.937). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in children with ALL was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The risk of ALL in children carrying GSTM1 null genotype was 2.242 times higher than in those in carrying GSTT1 non-null genotype. Children carrying both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype had a higher risk of suffering from ALL compared with those carrying only one of the null genotypes (OR=8.552). CONCLUSIONS: Children carrying GSTT1 or GSTM1 null genotype have a high risk of suffering from IM or ALL. Still more increased susceptibility to IM or ALL may occur in children who carry both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype. GSTT1 and GSTM1 might play a potential role in the pathogenesis of both IM and ALL.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 260-263 [Abstract] ( 5133 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 915KB] ( 1411 )
264 LIN Ye-Hui, FAN Lian, ZHANG Zhang, PAN Zhi-Wei, SONG Chun-Lin
Spectrum of gene deletion in 471 children with α-thalassemia
OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of common α-thalassemia gene deletion in children. METHODS: Blood cell analysis was performed on children who visited the clinic of the Foshan Women and Children’s Hospital. Blood samples (2 mL, EDTA anticoagulant) was collected from children with MCV＜82 fl for analysis of α-thalassemia gene using the GAP-PCR method. RESULTS: MCV＜82 fl was found in 1341 children. Of the 1341 children, 471 (35.1%) were diagnosed with α-thalassemia. The prevalence of α-thalassemia increased with increasing age. --SEA was a major type of α-thalassemia gene deletion (75.3%), followed by -a3.7 (17.0%) and -a4.2 (7.7%) in the 471 patients. The top three genotypes were --SEA/аа (73.2%), аа/-а3.7 (12.5%) and --SEA/-а3.7 (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic testing is necessary for the diagnosis of α-thalassemia in children with MCV＜82 fl. --SEA is a common type of α-thalassemia gene deletion, and -SEA/aa is a common gene type of α-thalassemia in the subjects of this study.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 264-266 [Abstract] ( 5673 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 900KB] ( 1465 )
267 ZHU Chun-Jiang, DING Hui, ZHENG Hai-Qing, PENG Juan, OU Wei-Lin, YAO Li-Bo
Hematologic parameters and genotype analysis in 166 children with HbH disease in the North Guangxi region
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of genotype spectrum and hematologic parameters in children with HbH disease in the North Guangxi region. METHODS: HbH disease was identified by clinical manifestations, routine blood tests and hemoglobin electrophoresis in 166 children who came form the North Guangxi region. Genotypes were determined by Multi-PCR combined with PCR reverse dot blot. DNA sequencing was used when the genotype could not be identified by regular methods. RESULTS: Of the 166 children with HbH disease, 8 genotypes were identified: --SEA/-α3.7 (82 cases), --SEA/-α4.2 (40 cases), --SEA/αCSα (38 cases), --SEA/αQSα (1 case), --SEA/αWSα (1 case), --SEA/αCD43/44 (-C) α (1 case), --SEA/-α3.7 plus CD17 (A→T) (1 case) and --SEA/-α4.2 plus CD41-42(-TTCT) (1 case). One case was confirmed as the heterozygote of --SEA and an unknown mutation. In the 134 cases with complete medical data, 2 had normal hemoglobin levels, 36 manifested mild anemia, 90 manifested moderate anemia, and 6 (genotype: --SEA/αCSα) showed severe anemia because of the coexistence of infection. Children with the genotype of --SEA/-α3.7 (69 cases), --SEA/-α4.2 (31 cases) and --SEA/αCSα (34 cases) had hemoglobin levels of 62-120, 69-127 and 34-110 g/L respectively. The hemoglobin level in the --SEA/αCSα group was significantly lower than in the deletional HbH disease group (genotypes: --SEA/-α3.7 and --SEA/-α4.2 ) (P<0.05). In contrast, MCV levels in the --SEA/αCSα group were significantly higher than in the deletional HbH disease group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The genotype spectrum of HbH disease is diverse in the North Guangxi region. Deletional genotype is prevalent. The disease is heterogeneous. The children with --SEA/αCSα HbH disease have severer anemia and higher MCV levels than those with deletional HbH disease.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 267-270 [Abstract] ( 5432 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 916KB] ( 1487 )
271 CAI Hua-Bo, SONG Ping, ZHANG Lei, JIA Shi-Lei, ZHU Jin-Lan, YANG Wei-Guo, HE Yan-Xia
Clinical application of cardiac output monitoring in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease
OBJECTIVE: Significant cardiac dysfunction has been found in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and heart failure is the major cause of death in these patients. Evaluation of cardiac function is essential for the treatment of severe cases. This study evaluated the clinical value of cardiac output monitoring in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. METHODS: A total of 107 children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from April 2011 to September 2011 were enrolled and divided into three groups by clinical stage: 73 cases in stage 2, 23 cases in stage 3 and 11 cases in stage 4. Cardiac output and stroke volume were measured by ultrasonic cardiac output monitors (USCOM). Ninety-five children received MRI scanning and were grouped according to the results of MRI: 41 cases (medulla oblongata involvements in 9 cases) in abnormal MRI group and 54 cases in normal MRI group. Cardiac output was compared between the children in different clinical stages and between different MRI results. RESULTS: Compared with children in clinical stages 2 and 3, cardiac output in children in clinical stage 4 decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no differences in cardiac output between the normal and abnormal MRI groups, however cardiac output was significantly lower in children with medulla oblongata involvement than in those with other involvements and normal MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Significant decrease in cardiac output suggests critical conditions and medulla oblongata cardiovascular center involvement in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. Dynamic measurement of cardiac output is valuable for treatment of the disease.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 271-275 [Abstract] ( 5378 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 916KB] ( 1262 )
276 LIN Ping, WANG Cheng, CAO Min-Jing, LUO Hai-Yan, XU Yi, XIE Zhen-Wu
Application of the head-up tilt table test in children under 6 years old
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value and safety of the head-up tilt table test (HUTT) in children under 6 years old. METHODS: The HUTT results between September 2000 and August 2011 of 144 2 to 6-year-old children (81 boys and 63 girls) with syncope and dizziness of unknown causes were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Eight children completed the based tilt table test and 136 cases completed the sublingual nitroglycerin tilt table test. No serious side effects were found in these children. Thirty-two (22.2%) of the 144 children had a positive result of HUTT, including 18 boys and 14 girls (P>0.05). When HUTT-induced syncope met positive standards, ECG record and blood pressure recovered to normal levels within 5 minutes by changing the position of the test bed, keeping the airway open, nasal oxygen inhalation and oral milk. CONCLUSIONS: The HUTT is valuable, safe and compliant in children under 6 years old.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 276-278 [Abstract] ( 4203 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 900KB] ( 1175 )
279 HUANG Peng, LIU Ping-Bo, LUO Jin-Wen, CHEN Ren-Wei, WANG Jing-Hua, ZENG De-Bin
Effects of ulinastatin on coagulation in children after cardiopulmonary bypass
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of ulinastatin on coagulation in children who underwent open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Fifty children who underwent open-heart surgery for ventricular septal defect were randomly divided into two groups: ulinastatin treatment and control. Before CPB, ulinastatin (1.0×104 U/kg) was added to CPB priming fluid only in the ulinastatin treatment group. Activated partial thromboplasin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured both before and at 1 hr, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after CPB. RESULTS: The PT in the ulinastatin group was more prolonged than in the control group at 1 hr after CPB (18.7±0.7 s vs 15.5±0.5 s) and 6 hrs after CPB (17.5±0.6 s vs 15.0±0.6 s). The APTT in the ulinatatin group was also significantly more prolonged than in the control group at 6 hrs after CPB (38.7±3.1 s vs 35.3±3.1 s) and 24 hrs after CPB (34.2±3.0 s vs 31.1±2.6 s). CONCLUSIONS: Ulinastatin may prolong PT and APTT after CPB, and thus affects coagulation in children.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 279-281 [Abstract] ( 4615 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 894KB] ( 1207 )
282 LUO Rui, ZHONG Li-Li, YI Hong-Ling, TAN Yu-Pin, CHEN Min, LI Yun
Results of skin prick test in young children with wheezing or allergic diseases
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of allergic reactions to common aeroallergens in young children with wheezing or allergic diseases by examining the results of skin prick test in children under 5 years old. METHODS: A total of 196 children under 5 years old, from a district of Changsha City sampled between September 1 to December 31, 2010, were assigned into two groups according to the presence of wheezing or allergic diseases: allergen screening (n=102) and control (n=94). Skin prick tests were performed on both groups. RESULTS: The positive rate of skin prick test in the allergen screening group was 61.8% (63/102), and this was significantly higher than in the control group (9.6%, 9/94; P<0.05). In the allergen screening group, the positive rate of skin prick test in children with both recurrent wheezing and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than in children with wheezing alone (P<0.05). The frequency of wheezing was positively correlated with a positive skin prick test (r=0.91; P<0.05). The positive rate of skin prick test for mites was significantly higher than for other aeroallergens (24.2% vs 3.5%; P<0.05) in the allergen screening group. Skin prick testing of the children for dermatophagoides farinae showed a higher positive rate than for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50.0% vs 14.7%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Wheezing in early childhood may be associated with the occurrence of asthma. Skin prick testing contributes to the diagnosis of allergic diseases and assessment of allergic reactions to aeroallergens in children with wheezing.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 282-284 [Abstract] ( 5516 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 899KB] ( 1576 )
285 CAO Yin-Li, CUI Qin-Tao, TANG Cheng-He, CHANG Xiao
Association of CLOCK gene T3111C polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and related sleep disturbances in children
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between CLOCK gene T3111C polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD related sleep disturbances in children. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six unrelated children with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and a contorol group of 150 normal children were enrolled in this study. Parents filled out the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Genotype and allele frequencies of T3111C of the CLOCK gene were examined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of T3111C of the CLOCK gene between the ADHD and control groups (P<0.05). C allele frequency in the ADHD group was significantly higher than in the control group (χ2=7.254, P=0.007, OR=1.740, 95%CI=1.160-2.612). The ADHD children with sleep disturbances were found to have higher C allele frequency than those without sleep disturbances (χ2=13.052, P<0.001, OR=2.766, 95%CI=1.573-4.865). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between CLOCK gene T3111C polymorphism and both ADHD and related sleep disturbances in children. The individuals with C allele are susceptible to ADHD as well as ADHD related sleep disturbances.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 285-288 [Abstract] ( 6254 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 914KB] ( 1395 )
289 HUO Ting-Zhu, YANG Fan, XIONG Fei, LI Ping, MAO Meng
Epidemiological investigation of birth information and physique status in 9 to 15-year-old children from Chengdu City of Sichuan Province
OBJECTIVE: As the intrauterine environment can affect childhood growth and development, this study aims to understand the relationship between birth gestational age, birth weight and physique development in 9 to 15-year-old children by a cross sectional investigation in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. METHODS: A total of 7194 9 to 15-year-old school children were classified according to birth gestational age and birth weight: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Their heights and weights were measured. Parents completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of SGA was 6.23% (448 cases), and 5.13% of children in the SGA group did not undergo "catch-up growth" (lower than -2 SD). The mean height in these children at various stages was significantly lower than in the AGA group (P<0.05). The prevalence of LGA was 18.06% (1299 cases). A total of 179 children (13.78%) were found to be overweight and 57 children (4.39%) were found to be obese in the LGA group. The mean weight in the LGA group at various stages was significantly higher than in the AGA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Height and weight development in children born SGA and LGA are different from normal children. More attention should be given to aspects of height and weight development in these school children.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 289-293 [Abstract] ( 4810 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1010KB] ( 1233 )
294 LI Xing, LIN Hui-Qing, GE Xin, LI Yu-Feng
Relationship between neurogenic urination and psychological status in school children
OBJECTIVE: To study whether anxiety and depression are associated with the development of neurogenic urination in children. METHODS: A total of 136 9 to 12-year-old children with neurogenic urination (case group) and 136 age-matched healthy children (control group) were enrolled. The Screen for Children Anxiety Related Emotion Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) were used to evaluate the psychological status. The incidences of anxiety and depression as well as the SCARED and DSRSC scores were compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis model was used to evaluate the relationship between psychological status and the development of neurogenic urination. RESULTS: The case group was found to have a higher incidence of anxiety and depression compared with the control group (P23) had a 1.224-fold increased risk for the development of neurogenic urination compared with the children with the SCARED-score≤23 and that the children with depression (DSRSC-score≥15) had a 1.148-fold increased risk for the development of this disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression participate in the development of neurogenic urination in school children.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 294-296 [Abstract] ( 4375 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 897KB] ( 1129 )
CASE REPORT
314 GAO Tian-Ji
Kawasaki disease in male cousins: report of two cases
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 314-315 [Abstract] ( 3413 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 875KB] ( 1134 )
REVIEW
316 ZHAO Yun-Jing, MA Hong-Wei
Molecular genetics of functional articulation disorder in children
Genetic factors are an important cause of functional articulation disorder in children. This article reviews some genes and chromosome regions associated with a genetic susceptibility to functional articulation disorders. The forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) gene on chromosome 7 is introduced in details including its structure, expression and function. The relationship between the FOXP2 gene and developmental apraxia of speech is discussed. As a transcription factor, FOXP2 gene regulates the expression of many genes. CNTNAP2 as an important target gene of FOXP2 is a key gene influencing language development. Functional articulation disorder may be developed to dyslexia, therefore some candidate regions and genes related to dyslexia, such as 3p12-13, 15q11-21, 6p22 and 1p34-36, are also introduced. ROBO1 gene in 3p12.3, ZNF280D gene, TCF12 gene, EKN1 gene in 15q21, and KIAA0319 gene in 6p22 have been candidate genes for the study of functional articulation disorder.
2012 Vol. 14 (4): 316-320 [Abstract] ( 5601 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 387 )
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