CJCP
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2012 Vol.  14 No.  5
Published: 2012-05-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
321 Darryl J. Adamko, Carina M. Majaesic, Christopher Skappak, Adrian B. Jones
A pilot trial on the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux-related cough in infants Hot!
OBJECTIVE: Diagnosing asthma in infancy is largely made on the basis of the symptoms of cough and wheezing. A similar presentation can be seen in neurologically normal infants with excessive gastroesophageal reflux (GER). There are no randomized placebo controlled studies in infants using proton pump inhibitors (PPI) alone or in addition to prokinetic agents. The primary objective was to confirm the presence of excessive GER in a population of infants that also had respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma. Second, in a randomized placebo-controlled fashion, we determined whether treatment of GER with bethanacol and omeprazole could improve these respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Infants (n=22) with a history of chronic cough and wheeze were enrolled, if they had evidence of GER by history and an abnormal pH probe or gastric emptying scan. Infants were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: placebo/placebo (PP), omeprazole plus bethanacol (OB), omeprazole/placebo (OP), bethanacol/placebo (BP). Evaluations by clinic questionnaire and exam, home diary, and pH probe data were done before, after study-medication and after open label of OB. RESULTS: Nineteen children were studied. PP did not affect GER or respiratory symptoms, and did not decrease GER measured by pH probe. In contrast, OB decreased GER as measured by pH probe indices and parental assessment. In association, OB significantly decreased daytime coughing and improved respiratory scores. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In infants with a clinical presentation suggestive of chronic GER-related cough, the use of omeprazole and bethanacol appears to be viable therapeutic option.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 321-327 [Abstract] ( 6152 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1185KB] ( 1853 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
328 LIAO Qiong, DENG Jian-Jun, DENG Si-Yan, WAN Chao-Min
Factors influencing short-term prognosis of tuberculous meningitis in children
OBJECTIVE: To study the factors influencing short-term prognosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children. METHODS: The clinical data of 137 hospitalized children with TBM between January 2007 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 30 potential factors influencing short-term prognosis of TBM were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Clinical staging showed that of the 137 children 21 cases (15.3%) were in the early stage, 67 cases (48.9%) in the medium stage and 49 cases (35.8%) in the late stage of TBM. The univariate analysis revealed 8 factors associated with a poor short-term prognosis: clinical stage of TBM (late), coma, positive Babinski signs, cranial nerve involvements, paralysis, seizures, obvious abnormalities in brain computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and elevated protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Factors associated with a favourable short-term prognosis for TBM included glucocorticoid steroids therapy, positive reaction of PPD skin test and an increased length of stay in hospital. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed two independent risk factors for a poor short-term prognosis: clinical stage of TBM (late) (OR: 11.168, 95%CI: 3.521-35.426) and positive signs of meningeal irritation (OR: 4.275, 95%CI: 1.043-17.521). An increased length of stay in hospital was shown as a favorable factor (OR: 0.893, 95%CI: 0.825-0.968). CONCLUSIONS: Late-stage TBM and positive signs of meningeal irritation suggest a poor prognosis, while an appropriately longer length of stay in hospital may contribute to a favorable short-term prognosis for children with TBM.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 328-331 [Abstract] ( 6589 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 945KB] ( 1569 )
332 LIU Tao, ZHANG Bi-Li, LI Li
Clinical significance of determining urinary podocalyxin level in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical significance of urinary podocyte marker protein podocalyxin (PCX) in the diagnosis of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children and the evaluation of disease severity. METHODS: PCX levels in the first morning urine were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) in 175 children, including 53 children with acute PNS［36 cases of simple nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 17 cases of nephritic NS］, 56 children with PNS in the remission stage (relapsed: 42 cases) and 66 healthy children (control group). Twenty-four hour urinary protein was measured in the 53 children with acute PNS. The optimal operating points for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS were determined using the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). RESULTS: Significant increasd levels of urinary PCX were found in children with acute PNS compared with those in the remission stage and the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation was found between urinary PCX and 24 hour urinary protein in children with acute PNS (r=0.39, P<0.01). In children with acute PNS, urinary PCX levels were significantly higher in the nephritic NS group than in the simple NS group (P<0.05). In children in the remission stage, a significant increase in levels of urinary PCX was found in children who had relapsed compared with those who had not (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS was 0.915 and 0.784 respectively. The optimal operating point for the diagnosis of acute PNS and nephritic NS was 7.97 and 10.28 ng/mL respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.1% and 93.4% respectively for acute PNS and of 94.1% and 52.8% respectively for nephritic NS. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative detection of urinary PCX is useful in the evaluation of podocyte dynamic changes. It is helpful in the diagnosis of acute PNS and in the differentiation of nephritic NS and simple NS.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 332-335 [Abstract] ( 5654 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1077KB] ( 1293 )
336 XU Fa-Lin, FAN Tian, DUAN Jia-Jia, CHEN Dan
Clinical analysis of organic acidemia in neonates from neonatal intensive care units
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of organic acidemia in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: The clinical features of neonates from 15 neonatal intensive care units of Henan Province, who were diagnosed with congenital organic acidemia by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) between June 2008 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty neonates of 287 high risk neonates were confirmed as having or highly suspected to have inborn errors of metabolism. Of the 50 cases, 32 cases were diagnosed with organic acidemia disease, including 28 cases of methylmalonic acidemia, 2 cases of propionic acidemia, 1 case of maple syrup urine disease and 1 case of isovaleric acldemla. In most cases, disease onset occurred in the first week after birth in most of cases (75%). Neonates whose symptoms occurred immediately after or within a few hours of birth presented with serious conditions. Clinical manifestations were various and mainly related to neurologic, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms such as poor response, coma, drowsiness, abnormal muscle tone, convulsions, polypnea, dyspnea, milk refusal, diarrhea and jaundice. Initial symptoms were non-specific and included dyspnea, poor response, milk refusal, lethargy and seizures. CONCLUSIONS: Methylmalonic acidemia is a common inherited metabolic disease in the neonatal period. Clinical manifestations of organic acid metabolism abnormalities in neonates are atypical and early onset is associated with more serious conditions.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 336-339 [Abstract] ( 6810 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 943KB] ( 1644 )
340 ZHANG Wei-Na, ZOU Li-Ping, JU Jun, LI Xiao-Yan
Therapeutic effects of levetiracetam on electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in the treatment of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in children. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 children who were newly diagnosed with ESES and treated with LEV between August 2009 and March 2011 and who were followed up for at least 6 months were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: The onset age of the 27 children ranged from 9 months to 9 years and 7 months. Partial motion seizures were found in 81% of the children in the early stage. Twenty-three children received LEV treatment after ESES was definitely diagnosed. Of the 23 children, 19 were diagnosed as epilepsy syndrome of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). The age of the patients at the beginning of LEV treatment ranged from 1 year and 8 months to 11 years and 9 months. The follow- up duration was 7 to 19 months. The effective rate of LEV for seizure control was 82% and for EEG recovery it was 78% (P<0.05). The other 4 children received LEV treatment before the occurrence of ESES. Seizure control and EEG recovery were noted in two of the 4 children. CONCLUSIONS: LEV treatment is efficacious, to some extent, for both seizure control and EEG recovery in children with ESES.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 340-343 [Abstract] ( 6480 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 952KB] ( 1567 )
344 LU Zhuo-Ming, QIAN Xin-Hua, CHEN Zhi-Wen, ZHANG Chun-Hong, GUO Li-Shan, CHEN Jia
Prospective clinical study of radix astragali and its compound prescription for treatment of β-thalassemia in children
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radix astragali and its compound prescription for treatment of β-thalassemia in children. METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Fifty-seven children with β-thalassemia were randomly assigned to radix astragali, compound prescription (radix astragali+ codonopsis pilosula + tortoise plastron) and placebo control groups after stratifying the patients according to disease type (intermedia and major). The parameters of hematology and safety were assessed after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean Hb elevation levels in children with β-thalassemia intermedia from the compound prescription and the radix astragali groups were 1.21±1.12 and 1.05±0.80 g/dL respectively compared with -(0.28±0.51) g/dL in the placebo control group (P<0.01). Mean Hb levels in the compound prescription and radix astragali groups were significantly higher than in the placebo control group (P<0.05). Therapy with both radix astragali and its compound prescription increased fetal hemoglobin, red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels in children with β-thalassemia intermedia. The total effective rates were 64% and 62% in children with β-thalassemia intermedia from the compound prescription and radix astragali groups respectively, which was significantly higher than in the placebo control group (9%; P<0.01). Therapy with radix astragali or its compound prescription in children with β-thalassemia major had similar but less favourable effets than the same therapy in children with β-thalassemia intermedia. White blood cell, neutrophil, platelet and hepatic and renal functions were not adversely affected by the medicines. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with radix astragali or its compound prescription is effective and safe in children with β-thalassemia.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 344-349 [Abstract] ( 6998 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1025KB] ( 1448 )
350 ZHANG Gao-Ping, CHEN Qiang, LIU Jian-Mei, ZHOU Shu-Ping, YU Xiao-Jun, LU Juan, LI Lan, ZHU Xiao-Hua, WU Ai-Min, LI Jian, HU Ci-Lang, DU Yun, LI Li
Application of bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in children with pulmonary infection
OBJECTIVE: To study the value of bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in children with pulmonary infection. METHODS: Bacterial cultures sampled from both sputum and BALF were performed on 80 hospitalized children with pulmonary infection between June 2008 and February 2011.Culture results between the two samples were compared. RESULTS: In the 80 children with pulmonary infection, bacterial cultures of BALF showed that Viridans Streptococci were found in 72 cases (90%), Neisseria in 41 cases (51%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 cases (14%), Staphylococcus Aureus in 3 cases (4%) and Escherichia coli in 3 cases (4%). The positive rates of Viridans Streptococci in the bacterial cultures of BALF was not significantly different from the bacterial cultures of sputum, but the positive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the bacterial cultures of BALF was significantly higher than in the bacterial cultures of sputum (4%). Moreover, Escherichia coli were found only by bacterial cultures of BALF. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial cultures of BALF are useful in the identification of pathogenic bacteria for pulmonary infection in children. Due to the samples taken from the lesion regions in bacterial cultures of BALF, the results of may be more reliable.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 350-352 [Abstract] ( 6199 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 933KB] ( 1322 )
353 LIU Fang, MIAO Qing, JIAO Wei-Wei, XIAO Jing, SUN Lin, SHEN Chen, WU Xi-Rong, SHEN Dan, YIN Qing-Qin, SHEN A-Dong
Genotype and phenotype polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 in the Han Chinese pediatric population
OBJECTIVE: N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2EI (CYP2E1) play a crucial role in the drug metabolic process. The aim of this study was to understand the genotype and phenotype polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 in the Han Chinese pediatric population in order to provide a theoretical basis for individualized drug treatment. METHODS: A total of 341 (211 males and 130 females) randomly sampled Han Chinese children, aged from 2 months to 14 years, were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was carried out by PCR method, and metabolic phenotypes were identified. RESULTS: In this study population, wild genotype was found as a major genotype in seven SNPs of NAT2, rs1801279, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208 and rs1799931. The frequency of NAT2 fast metabolism was highest (61.3%), followed by middle to slow metabolism (34.1%). Wild genotype also predominated in the four SNPs of CYP2E1 (rs2031920, rs3813867, rs6413432 and rs72559720) named as CYP2E1*5, *6 and *2, with a frequency of 61.3%, 60.1% and 99.4% respectively. As the relationship between CYP2E1 genotype and phenotype was unknown, phenotyping of CYP2E1 was not done. CONCLUSIONS: The important SNPs of NAT2 and CYP2E1 are predominantly wild genotype in the Han Chinese pediatric population. Fast metabolic phenotype predominates in important SNPs of NAT2.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 353-358 [Abstract] ( 6483 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 994KB] ( 1531 )
359 WANG Tao, LI Yun, YE Yi-Yan, HUANG Han, YI Hong-Ling, CHEN Min, GUO Chun
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone age and growth in children with asthma
OBJECTIVE: Long-term inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for asthma, but their safety still controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone age and growth in children with asthma. METHODS: Seventy-three children with asthma received inhaled fluticasone treatment at a starting dosage of 250 μg/d for 3 months, when the dosage was reduced by a third. Three months later, the patients were treated with fluticasone at a dosage of 125 μg/d for 6 months. Bone age, heights and weights were measured before and one year of treatment. RESULTS: The increase in the heights, weights and RUS (radius, ulna and short finger bones) bone age of the children with asthma after one year of treatment was not significantly different from healthy children. There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) before and after one year of treatment, however the level of carpal bone age ［-0.2(-0.6,0.8) years］ was delayed after therapy compared to before treatment ［-0.5(-1.0,0.6) years］ (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids for 1 year may suppress the level of carpal bone age, but the level of RUS bone age, heights, weights and BMI are not affected. It is necessary to monitor the growth of children with asthma who receive long-term inhaled corticosteroid treatment.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 359-361 [Abstract] ( 6791 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 931KB] ( 1827 )
362 ZHENG Ying-Sheng, LI Min, XU Pei-Ru, ZHANG Lei, XU Yong-Jie, LIU Yu, YE Ming-Gang, WANG Zhi-Qiang
Blood pressure levels of 2438 Hasakh children in the Yili region of Xinjiang Province
OBJECTIVE: To study blood pressure levels, the prevalence of hypertension and factors associated with the development of hypertension in Hasakh children in the Yili region of Xinjiang Province. METHODS: A total of 2438 Hasakh school children from the Yili region of Xinjiang Province were sampled by stratified random cluster sampling method between May and June 2009. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness and blood pressure were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS: Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 94±13 mm Hg and 60±9 mm Hg respectively in the 2438 children, and both averages were lower than in the Han children. Hypertension was noted in 138 children (5.66%). The prevalence of hypertension in girls (6.97%, 84/1206) was higher than in boys (4.38%, 54/1232) (P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension and blood pressone were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness circumference, gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: Average blood pressure levels in Hasakh children in the Yili region of Xinjiang Province are lower than in domestic age-matched Han children. The prevalence of hypertension in girls is higher than in boys. Obesity is highly correlated with the development of hypertension.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 362-365 [Abstract] ( 5551 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1005KB] ( 1109 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
366 CHEN Ling-Yan, ZHOU Xiao-Jian, LI Xia, LI Zhen, HONG Jian-Guo
Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation during gestation and lactation on TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression in lungs of rat offspring with asthma
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation during gestation and lactation on TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression in lungs of rat offspring with asthma. METHODS: Thirty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: low-, medium- and high-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation and control groups (n=8 each). From the 7th day of gestation, the three 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation groups were administered with 2,10 and 20 μg/mL of 1,25-(OH)2D3 respectively every other day until weaning (rat offspring: 21 days old). The control group received normal saline instead. Then, bronchial asthma was induced in rat offspring from the 4 groups. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the lung tissue was measured by immunochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Eosinophil cell infiltration and airway inflammation decreased in rat offspring from the low- and medium-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 groups, but increased in rat offspring of the high-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 group compared with the control group. Immunohistochemistry of lung tissues showed that the expression of TGF-β1 protein and pSmad3 decreased in rat offspring from the low- and medium-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 groups (P<0.05), but increased significantly in rat offspring from the high-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 group compared with the control group (P<0.05). PCR showed that the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA in the lung tissue decreased in rat offspring from the low- and medium-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 groups (P<0.05), but increased significantly in rat offspring from the high-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 group compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation plays a role in regulating the immune system in asthmatic rats. Its mechanism may be associated with regulation of the expression of TGF-β/Smad signal pathway-related proteins through the vitamin D receptor signal pathway.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 366-370 [Abstract] ( 5667 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1302KB] ( 1473 )
371 LI Yan-Hua, WANG Mei-Yi, JIN Rong, GUO Sheng, FAN Xiao-Yong, MA Hui, WU Liang-Xia, ZHANG Jian-Hua
Effects of andrographolide on the expression of eosinophil granulocytes and possible mechanisms
OBJECTIVE: Andrographolide, the active component in andrographis paniculata, has potent anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of andrographolide on eosinophil granulocytes (EOS) and the expression of eotaxin and IL-5 in mice with asthma. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into normal control, asthma, budesonide treatment and andrographolide treatment groups (n=8 each). Mice in the latter three groups were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of eotaxin and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood. The expression of eotaxin mRNA and IL-5 mRNA in lung tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Andrographolide treatment significantly decreased EOS count in BALF (P<0.05) and the effect of andrographolide was better than the effect of budesonide. Andrographolide treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of eotaxin and IL-5 in BALF, lung eotaxin mRNA expression and blood IL-5 expression (P<0.05), but the effects of andrographolide were poorer than the effects of budesonide. Andrographolide treatment resulted in a decrease in blood eotaxin expression and lung IL-5 mRNA expression and the effects of andrographolide were similar to budesonide. CONCLUSIONS: Andrographolide can down-regulate the expression of IL-5 and eotaxin and thus suppress the inflitration of EOS in a mouse model of asthma.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 371-374 [Abstract] ( 5128 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1211KB] ( 1199 )
375 WEN Xiang, JIANG Li, CHEN Heng-Sheng
Level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the microenvironment of the neuron-astrocyte co-culture system by Mg2+-free-induced seizure-like discharge
OBJECTIVE: To study the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the microenvironment of the neuron-astrocyte co-culture system by Mg2+-free-induced seizure-like discharge and analyze the source of BDNF. METHODS: Hippocampal neurons (N) of fetal rats and astrocytes (AST) of neonatal rats were purified and divided into four groups, included control N (Con N) group, Mg2+-free treated N (Mg2+-free N) group, control N+AST co-culture (Con N+AST) group and Mg2+-free treated N+AST co-culture (Mg2+-free N+AST) group. The Mg2+-free treated groups were exposed to Mg2+-free media for 3 hrs to induce a repeated spontaneous seizure-like discharge. The level of BDNF in each group at different time points was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: The cellular morphous of AST changed in the Mg2+-free N+AST group at 48 hrs. Neuronal epileptiform activity was observed in the Mg2+-free media at 3 hrs, and continued to exist until the microenviornment returned to normal for 72 hrs. The BDNF level increased at 24 hrs and 48 hrs in the Con N+AST group compared with the control N group (P<0.05). Compared with Con N+AST group, BDNF level increased at 12, 24 and 48 hrs in the Mg2+-free N+AST group, especially at 12 and 24 hrs (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the level of BDNF between the Con and Mg2+-free N groups. Compared with Mg2+-free N group, BDNF level increased at 24 hrs in the Mg2+-free N+AST group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the experiment suggest that BDNF in the Con N+AST group might be excreted from both N and AST, but chiefly from N. Activated AST may be the main source for increasing BDNF in the Mg2+-free N+AST group.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 375-379 [Abstract] ( 4926 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1745KB] ( 1301 )
380 OU-YANG Fu-Lian, ZHOU Xi-Zhong, FANG Su-Zhen, CAI Ying-Qian, LI Hong
Long-term behavioral and ultrastructural alterations following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats
OBJECTIVE: To study long-term behavioral and ultrastructural alterations in a hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model of neonatal rats. METHODS: Sixty seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxic exposure (HIBD group) or sham operation (n=30 each). A battery of behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test and sensorimotor tests, were performed at a postnatal age of 5 weeks. Nissl staining was used for counting neurons. Transmission electron microscopy was used for observing synapse structures and measuring the thickness of the postsynaptic density area and the length of the postsynaptic active area. The correlations of histological changes with the results of behavioral tests were evaluated. RESULTS: The HIBD group showed a significantly longer escape latency (P<0.05) and a lower frequency of original platform crossing (P <0.05) in the Morris water maze test compared with the sham operation group. The sensorimotor function test showed that the sensorimotor function in the HIBD group was worse than in the sham operation group. Nissl staining showed that the number of neurons in the HIBD group was significantly reduced (P <0.01) compared with the sham operation group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that synapses were significantly reduced in number, and that the thickness of the postsynaptic density area and the length of the postsynaptic active area were reduced in the HIBD group. The thickness of the postsynaptic density area was negatively correlated with escape latency in the Morris water maze test (r=-0.861, P<0.01), and also negatively correlated with the total score of sensorimotor function tests (r=-0.758, P<0.05) in the HIBD group. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia ischemia can lead to neuron loss and ultrastructure damage, resulting in long-term deficit of behavioral functions in neonatal rats.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 380-384 [Abstract] ( 4981 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1238KB] ( 1271 )
CASE REPORT
385 ZHAO Yan-Fei, YAN Chao-Ying, SI Jun-Hui
Thrombophlebitis of deep veins of lower extremity in a neonate born to a diabetic mother
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 385-386 [Abstract] ( 3261 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 909KB] ( 1071 )
387 CHANG Jian, WANG Li-Jun, WANG Li-Zhe, ZHANG Yu-Tong. ZHONG Xiao-Dan
Diffue large B-cell lymphoma in a child treated by rituximab complicated with chemotherapy
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 387-388 [Abstract] ( 3661 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 913KB] ( 1249 )
389 AN Shu-Hua, YUAN Jie, GAO Wen-Jie, WANG Ya-Kun, SUN Jun-Feng, LI Jin-Ying, LI Qing-Tao, YANG Fan
A case report of plastic bronchitis
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 389-390 [Abstract] ( 3858 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1007KB] ( 1064 )
REVIEW
391 ZHANG Ting, JIANG Mi-Zu
Advances in research on extra-oesophageal symptoms of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux
The manifestations of pediatric gastroesohageal reflux (GER) are varied and complex. Extra-oesophageal symptoms, including GER-related respiratory diseases, ear, nose and throat diseases, oral diseases and neuropsychiatric symptoms, are thought to be major manifestations of pediatric GER, but the causal relationship between GER and these extra-oesophageal symptoms is still unclear. Therefore, we describe the progress of reseach on the relationship between GER and asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, laryngeal papilloma, sinusitis, otitis media, dental erosion, apparent life-threatening event, and the crying baby syndrome in this review. It provides new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GER-related diseases in children.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 391-395 [Abstract] ( 6387 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 958KB] ( 2091 )
396 XIONG Tao, TANG Jun, MU De-Zhi.
Side effects of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Blue light has been widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia since the 1950s. Neonatal phototherapy can decrease plasma unconjugated bilirubin level, thus preventing bilirubin encephalopathy, and greatly reduces the exchange transfusion rate. Generally, it is accepted that the side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seem to be well controlled, however recent research has provided new evidence. The short-term side effects of phototherapy include interference with maternal-infant interaction, imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder. In addition, phototherapy may be associated with some long-term side effects such as melanocytic nevi and skin cancer, allergic diseases, patent ductus arteriosus and retinal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines, new light devices and alternative agents, as well as individualized treatments, to minimize the side effects of phototherapy.
2012 Vol. 14 (5): 396-400 [Abstract] ( 32146 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 956KB] ( 5154 )
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