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2012 Vol.  14 No.  08
Published: 2012-08-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
COMPLICATED CASE STUDY
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
COMPLICATED CASE STUDY
561 LIU Yu-Peng, MA Yan-Yan, WU Tong-Fei, WANG Qiao, KONG Qing-Peng, WEI Xiao-Qiong, ZHANG Yao, SONG Jin-Qing, CHANG Xing-Zhi, ZHANG Yue-Hua, XIAO Jiang-Xi, YANG Yan-Ling
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency due to 10191T>C mutation in ND3 gene
This study reviews a case of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency due to the 10191T>C mutation in mitochondrial ND3 gene. The previously healthy boy progressively presented with blepharoptosis, weakness, epilepsy and motor regression at age 6 years. Elevated blood lactate and pyruvate were observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia. Leigh syndrome was thus confirmed. The protein from the mitochondria and genomic DNA of the boy and his parents was collected from peripheral blood leucocytes for the activity test for mitochondrial complex I to V and genetic analysis. The results showed the activity of complex I (33.1 nmol /min in 1 milligram mitochondrial protein) was lower than normal reference value (44.0±5.4 nmol /min in 1 milligram mitochondrial protein). The ratio of complex I to citrate synthase (19.8%) was also lower than normal reference value (48%±11%). The activities of complexes Ⅱto Ⅴwere normal. 10191T>C mutation in ND3 gene of mitochondria was identified in the boy. 10191T>C mutation and complex I deficiency were not detected in his parents. At present, he is 16 years old, and of normal intelligence with spastic paralysis in both lower extremities after treatment. It is concluded that a Chinese boy with isolated complex I deficiency due to 10191T>C mutation in ND3 gene was firstly diagnosed by peripheral leukocytes mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme assay and gene analysis. This study can provide clinical data for the nosogenesis of Leigh syndrome.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 561-566 [Abstract] ( 5548 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1283KB] ( 1410 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
567 ZHAO Fen-Ying, XU Xiao-Jun, SONG Hua, YANG Shi-Long, TANG Yong-Min
Effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy for childhood aplastic anemia and its predictive factors
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for childhood aplastic anemia (AA) and its predictive factors. METHODS: The medical data of 110 children with AA who received IST between February 2003 and November 2009 were retrospectively studied. Of these patients, 83 were diagnosed as severe AA (SAA) and 27 were non-SAA. The former group was treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) + ciclosporin (CSA) +prednisone + androgens and the latter with CSA + prednisone + androgens. RESULTS: Total response rates in the SAA and non-SAA groups were 69.9% and 70.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that disease duration, CD34+ cell level in bone marrow (BM) and the expression of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell in BM were related to the severity of disease but not correlated with treatment response. Age, disease duration and proportions of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in BM were predictive factors for response to IST. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients aged more than 10 years and patients with a CD8+ cell proportion in BM of over 25% had hazard ratios of 3.36 and 3.59 for treatment failure respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IST is effective in the treatment of childhood AA. Age, disease duration and the proportion of CD8+ T cell in BM are predictive factors for response to IST.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 567-570 [Abstract] ( 4664 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1004KB] ( 1266 )
571 NI Jia, XIN Ying
Cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in cognitive function of children with type 1 diabetes and explore the possible factors influencing cognitive function. METHODS: Thirty-two children with type 1 diabetes (disease course equal to or more than one year) and aged from 6 to 16 years, were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Factors influencing cognitive function were investigated using multiple regression analysis. Thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy children served as the control group. RESULTS: Verbal intelligence quotient in the diabetic group was significantly lower than in the control group (97±15 vs 118±13; P＜0.01). Full intelligence quotient in the diabetic group was also lower than in the control group (99±15 vs 113±12; P＜0.01). In the verbal scale test, a sub-test of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, scores in knowledge, category, comprehension, arithmetics and vocabulary scale in the diabetic group were significantly lower than in the control group (P＜0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that glycosylated hemoglobin level was significantly negatively with full, verbal and operation intelligence quotients in diabetic children (r=-5.64, -7.29, -3.00 respectively; P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Type 1 diabetes may affect adversely children′s verbal intelligence quotient, resulting in a decreased full intelligence quotient. Glycosylated hemoglobin may be an independent risk factor for cognitive function in diabetic children.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 571-574 [Abstract] ( 4317 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 943KB] ( 1155 )
575 LIAO Wei-Qiang, ZHOU Huai-Yuan, CHEN Guan-Chun, ZOU Min, LV Xing
Left ventricular function in newborn infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
To evaluate left ventricular function in newborn infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Forty newborn infants of mother with GDM (GDM group) and forty normal newborn infants (control group) were enrolled in this study. Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging was used to measure interventricular septal thickness, posterior left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction in both groups. Left ventricular rotation and torsion were evaluated for all participants. RESULTS: Interventricular septal thickness in the GDM group was much higher than in the control group (0.45±0.06 mm vs 0.34±0.05 mm; P0.05). Peak subendocardial rotation, peak subepicardial rotation, peak bulk rotation and peak mural torsion were higher in the GDM group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac function may be impaired in newborn infants of mothers with GDM, with changes in left ventricular shape and abnormalities of left ventricular rotation and torsion. However, infants have a normal ventricular blood ejection under the cardiac compensation. Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging technique can be used for early detection of left ventricular function.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 575-577 [Abstract] ( 3806 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 927KB] ( 1211 )
578 JIANG Zhi-Gui, WU Jie, LIU Ling, LIN Yan, YANG Cui-Yan
Serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 and immunoglobulin in children with bronchiolitis
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in the serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 and immunoglobulins in children with bronchiolitis, and the clinical significance of these changes. METHODS: Serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 were measured using ELISA in 35 children with bronchiolitis in the acute and recovery phases and 20 healthy children. Serum levels of immunoglobulins were determined by rate nephelometry. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy children, serum 25-(OH)D3, IgG and IgA levels in children with bronchiolitis in the acute phase were significantly lower and, in contrast, serum IgE levels were significantly higher (P＜0.05). Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels increased and serum IgE levels decreased significantly in the recovery phase compared with the acute phase in children with bronchiolitis (P＜0.05). However, compared with the healthy children, serum 25-(OH)D3 and IgA levels were significantly lower and serum IgE levels were significantly higher in children with bronchiolitis in the recovery phase (P＜0.05). Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels in children with bronchiolitis in the acute phase were positively correlated with serum IgG (r=0.36, P＜0.05) and IgA levels (r=0.63, P＜0.01), and negatively correlated with serum IgE levels (r=-0.72, P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between serum 25-(OH)D3 and IgE levels in children with bronchiolitis in the recovery phase (r=-0.34, P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels decrease and there is immunoglobulin level imbalance in children with bronchiolitis, suggesting that 25-(OH)D3 and immunoglobulins may play important roles in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 578-580 [Abstract] ( 4763 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 936KB] ( 1289 )
581 HUANG Han, ZHONG Li-Li, PENG Li, LI Juan, LIN Lin
Levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
OBJECTIVE: To measure levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP), and to investigate changes in local Th1-Th2-type cytokine levels in children with RMPP and their significance. METHODS: A total of 42 children with RMPP were divided into atopic (n=11) and non-atopic groups (n=31) according to whether they had eczema, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and family history of allergic disease. The study also included a control group of 12 children with bronchial foreign bodies who underwent foreign body removal and were re-examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy four weeks later. The different cells in BALF from all children were analyzed, and the levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the total number of cells in BALF from children with RMPP increased significantly (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase in cell numbers, especially neutrophils, as well as IL-4 and INF-γ levels, can be seen in BALF from children with RMPP, but there is no change to the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio. This indicates a significant local inflammatory response in children with RMPP, but there is no evidence of Th2-dominated inflammatory response.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 581-584 [Abstract] ( 4837 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 953KB] ( 1579 )
585 ZHENG Bo-Qiang, WANG Gui-Lan, YANG Sai
Efficacy of specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children. METHODS: A total of 106 children aged 4-14 years old with cough variant asthma and positive skin prick test responses to dermatophagoides farinae allergens were randomly divided into two groups: SLIT group (n=53), which received specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops as well as standardized treatment and conventional treatment group (n=53), which received standardized treatment alone. Improvement in cough/asthma symptom scores and the time taken for symptoms to improve were observed after treatment. Serum eosinophil (EOS) level and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured after treatment. The side effects were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the conventional treatment group, the SLIT group showed significant decrease in symptom scores and serum EOS level and significant increase in PEF (P<0.05). The time at which symptoms began to improve in the SLIT group was earlier than in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The effective rate in the SLIT group was significantly higher than in the conventional treatment group (85% vs 68%; P＜0.05). Local reactions such as redness, swelling, and itching occurred in some children of the SLIT group but disappeared on the following day. CONCLUSIONS: Specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops is an effective and highly safe treatment for cough variant asthma in children.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 585-588 [Abstract] ( 5652 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 942KB] ( 1590 )
589 LIU Zhong-Qiang, LI Xi-Hong, WANG Hui-Qing, LUO Yue, MU De-Zhi
Risk factors of heart and lung failure in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease and treatment experience
OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated by heart and lung failure and treatment experience. METHODS: A total of 198 children with severe HFMD between March and August in 2011 were enrolled. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors severe HFMD complicated by heart and lung failure. The effects of combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin were observed. RESULTS: Univariate analysis indicated that HFMD patients with heart and lung failure had higher proportions of consciousness, tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics, increased troponin and EV71 infection than HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection were the main risk factors for heart and lung failure. Compared with combination therapy with dexamethasone+ribavirin, combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was more effective for preventing hemodynamic changes in children with severe HFMD (P<0.01). Compared with HFMD patients with heart and lung failure, the effect of the combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was better in HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factors for heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD include tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection. Early combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin can reduce the incidence of heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 589-592 [Abstract] ( 5094 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 943KB] ( 1549 )
593 LU Wen-Xian, LUO Jian-Ming
Prognostic factors for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children
OBJECTIVE: To study the main factors influencing prognosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in children by summarizing the clinical features of HLH and investigating the relationship between relevant factors and prognosis. METHODS: The medical data of 63 children with HLH were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier method was employed to draw survival curves. Factors influencing prognosis were assessed with Cox univariate analysis, and Cox multivariate analysis was done on statistically significant factors. RESULTS: The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were both 62.9%. The survival rate decreased from 98.4% at 1 day after definite diagnosis to 73.2% at 4 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated only one factor, which was that the condition of platelet recovery after treatment of 2 to 3 weeks was significantly related to prognosis (P=0.002). In children receiving etoposide therapy, temperature recovery after one day of treatment was significantly related to prognosis (P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Children with HLH have a satisfactory prognosis, but the survival rate reduces rapidly in the first 4 months after definite diagnosis. Platelet recovery after treatment of 2 to 3 weeks and temperature recovery after one day of treatment are factors influencing prognosis of HLH in children.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 593-597 [Abstract] ( 5309 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1053KB] ( 1501 )
598 ZHANG Hong-Xi, FU Jun-Fen, HUANG Ke, LAI Can, LIANG Li, JIANG Ke-Wen
Quantitative assessment of intrahepatic fat content in children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate clinical significance of intrahepatic fat (IHF) content in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Ninety-three obese children were enrolled in this study. Physical parameters, liver function, serum lipids, glycemic and insulin related parameters were measured. Liver B-mode ultrasound (US) examination was performed. IHF content was quantified by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Three subgroups were classified according to the conditional diagnostic criteria for obese children: simple obesity (n=31), NAFLD-1 (US fatty liver and normal alanine aminotransterase, n=33) and NAFLD-2 (US fatty liver and elevated alanine aminotransterase, n=29). Twenty healthy age- and sex-matched children served as a control group. IHF content among the four groups was compared. The relationship of IHF content with other common clinical laboratory parameters and independent factors influencing increased IHF content were investigated. RESULTS: IHF content measured by 1H MRS was 0.80% (0.4%-1.0%), 2.9% (1.7%-4.30%), 14.0% (7.2%-17.5%) and 18.8% (14.0%-29.1%) respectively in the control, simple obese, NAFLD-1 and NAFLD-2 groups. There were significant differences in IHF content between the groups. Univariate correlation analysis demonstrated that IHF content was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, waisttohip ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminoreansferase, γ-glutamic acid transtetase, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour insulin and insulin resisfence, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent risk factors for increased IHF content: increased waist circumference, increased 2-hour plasma glucose and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSIONS: IHF content determined by 1H MRS can reflect early hepatic fatty infiltration and is closely related to the occurrence and progress of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. There is a significant correlation between most of common clinical laboratory parameters and IHF content, and waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein and OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose are independent factors impacting IHF content.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 598-603 [Abstract] ( 4599 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 998KB] ( 1307 )
604 Mireguli Maimaiti, XU Yong-Jie, XU Pei-Ru
Childhood benign acanthosis nigricans and metabolic abnormality
OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship of childhood benign acanthosis nigricans to anthropometric and metabolic indexes, with the aim of studying the association between childhood benign acanthosis nigricans and metabolic diseases. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 29 children who presented with benign acanthosis nigricans between February 2007 and October 2011. Thirty-two age, sex- and ethnic-matched normal children were selected as control group. The two groups were compared according to obesity (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content and body fat percentage) and metabolic indexes (blood glucose, insulin level and blood lipids). RESULTS: Body mass index, body fat content, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin level and triglyceride in the 29 patients with benign acanthosis nigricans were higher than in the control group (P<0.05), but the level of high-density lipoprotein in the 29 patients was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Of the 29 patients, 16 had impaired glucose tolerance and 3 were diagnosed with diabetes (1 case with type 1, two cases with type 2). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood benign acanthosis nigricans is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 604-606 [Abstract] ( 4603 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 932KB] ( 1165 )
612 ZHANG Qian, CHENG Xin-Ru, XU Shu-Ling, SHI Zan-Yang, SHENG Guang-Yao
Association between platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene polymorphism and intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Val279Phe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 9th exon of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) are associated with intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test genotype and allele frequencies of the 9th exon Val279Phe SNPs of PAF-AH in 58 preterm infants with intracranial hemorrhage (hemorrhage group) and 65 preterm infants without intracranial hemorrhage (control group). RESULTS: There were significant differences in genotype frequency of Val279Phe SNPs in the 9th exon of PAF-AH between the hemorrhage and control groups (P<0.05). Frequency of normal genotype in the hemorrhage group (63.8%) was significantly lower than in the control group (81.5%). In contrast, frequency of heterozygous genotype (34.5%) in the hemorrhage group was significantly higher than in control group (16.9%). There were also significant differences in allele frequency of Val279Phe SNPs in the 9th exon of PAF-AH between the two groups (P<0.05). T allele frequency in the hemorrhage group (19.0%) was significantly higher than in the control group (10.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Val279Phe SNPs in the 9th exon of PAF-AH may be associated with intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 612-615 [Abstract] ( 4114 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1069KB] ( 994 )
616 ZOU Ming-Xiang, WU Jing-Min, LI Jun, DOU Qing-Ya, ZHOU Rong-Rong, HUANG Yuan, LIU Wen-En
NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in mainland China
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) emerging in Hunan, and its relationship to antibiotic resistance. METHODS: The clinical strain was isolated from a sputum sample of a child with severe pnemonia and toxic myocarditis who was admitted into a general hospital of Hunan Province. VITEK-2 compact instrument was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility test. Modified Hodge test was used for the screening of carbapenemase. EDTA-synergy test and combination disk diffusion test were used for detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). PCR was performed for amplification of NDM-1 genes and the positive products were sequenced and analyzed with BLAST. Conjugation was also performed to analyze mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests were compared before and after conjugation. RESULTS: The isolated strain was identified as K.pneumoniae. Modified Hodge test, EDTA-synergy test and combination disk diffusion test were all positive for the strain. The homology between gene sequence of PCR amplification products and NDM-1 gene FN396876.1 in the GenBank was 100%. Transconjugant DNA was used as template for the amplification of NDM-1 gene. The amplification products were sequenced and found to be the same as the NDM-1 gene amplification product of the donor strain. The MIC of transconjugant E.coli J53 (NDM-1) to all the β-lactams increased significantly compared with the recipient strain E.coli J53. The MIC of ertapenem and imipenem increased by more than 8 times, while the MIC of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone increased by more than 64 times. CONCLUSIONS: This study first identified a strain of K. pneumoniae carrying NDM-1 in mainland China. NDM-1 gene can be transmitted among different strains and causes extensively drug-resistance to β-lactams.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 616-621 [Abstract] ( 5955 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1594KB] ( 1610 )
607 LI Zheng-Hong, WANG Dan-Hua, DONG Mei, KE Mei-Yun, WANG Zhi-Feng
Clinical application of high resolution manometry for examining esophageal function in neonates Hot!
OBJECTIVE: To examine the esophageal function of neonates by high resolution manometry (HRM), and to provide preliminary data for research on the esophageal function of neonates. METHODS: Esophageal HRM was performed on neonates using a solid-state pressure measurement system with 36 circumference sensors arranged at intervals of 0.75 cm, and ManoView software was used to analyze esophageal peristalsis pattern. RESULTS: Esophageal HRM was performed successfully in 11 neonates, and 126 occurrences of complete esophageal peristalsis were recorded. Complete esophageal peristalsis with pressure increase was recorded in some neonates but most neonates showed a different esophageal peristalsis pattern compared with adults. Some neonates had no relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) when pharyngeal muscles contracted in swallowing, some neonates had multiple swallowing without esophageal peristalsis and some neonates had relatively low pressure of esophageal peristalsis. Full-term infants could have relatively low UES pressure and esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure but some preterm infants showed relatively high UES pressure and LES pressure. Longitudinal contraction of the whole esophagus and elevation of LES after swallowing were recorded in some neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal HRM is safe and tolerable for neonates. HRM shows that esophageal peristalsis after swallowing may not occur or may be incomplete in neonates. The esophageal function of neonates has not yet been developed completely, with large individual differences in esophageal peristalsis. Large sample data are needed for further analysis and research on the esophageal function of neonates.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 607-611 [Abstract] ( 4041 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1422KB] ( 1097 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
622 SUN Yan, WANG Jin-Rong, HAN Xiu-Zhen, LI Hua-Bing, SUN Li-Feng, CHEN Xing, FENG Yi-Zhen
Effects of budesonide on HIF-1α and VEGF expression and airway remodeling in an asthmatic mouse model
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of budesonide on hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, angiogenesis and airway remodeling in the chronic asthmatic mouse model. METHODS: Thirty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control, asthma model and treatment groups (10 in each group).The asthmatic mouse model was established via OVA challenge test. Mice in the treatment group were administered with aerosol budesonide (100 μg/kg) an hour before the OVA challenge test from the 28th day. Mice in the control group were treated with PBS instead of OVA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe thickness of the airway wall. Masson staining was used for examing collagen deposition of lung tissues. Angiogenesis and HIF-1α and VEGF expression were measured using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The relationship of airway wall thickness and vessel area to HIF-1α and VEGF expression was investigated. RESULTS: Vessel area, collagen deposition of lung tissues and airway wall thickness increased in the asthma model group. Levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were also elevated. Administration of budesonide significantly reduced angiogenesis, collagen deposition of lung tissues and airway wall thickening, as well as expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. The vessel area and airway wall thickness were positively correlated with expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. A positive correlation was also found between the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide can decease angiogenesis and airway remodeling by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression in asthmatic mice.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 622-627 [Abstract] ( 4748 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1879KB] ( 1456 )
628 BIAN Fang-Fang, WANG Jun, LU Ming, WU Yi
RORγt expression in the pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice and the inhibitory effects of budesonide
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of budesonide (BUD) on RORγt expression in the pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice and mechanisms of BUD in the treatment of asthma. METHODS: Blab/c asthmatic mouse model was induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Thirty female mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, asthmatic and BUD-treated. IL-17 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured using ELISA. Total and differential cell counts in BALF were measured. Airway inflammation was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-17 mRNA and RORγt mRNA expression were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: RORγt mRNA and IL-l7 levels in the asthmatic group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). BUD treatment significantly decreased RORγt mRNA and IL-l7 levels compared with the asthmatic group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, total, neutrophil and eosinophil cell count in BALF increased significantly in the asthmatic group (P<0.01). After BUD treatment, counts of total, neutrophil and eosinophil cells in BALF were significantly reduced (P<0.01) and were similar to in the control group. Inflammatory reactions in the respiratory tract were significantly alleviated in the BUD treated group. CONCLUSIONS: RORγt and IL-l7 levels in the pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice increase and this may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. BUD can inhibit RORγt and IL-17 and thus reduces lung inflammation.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 628-631 [Abstract] ( 4528 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1126KB] ( 999 )
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
632 CHEN Ye, WANG Wei, WANG De-Fen, SUN Fu-Rong, MIAO Fei
Clinical features of childhood Rathke’s cysts
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 632-633 [Abstract] ( 3443 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1096KB] ( 1669 )
634 ZHAO Yu-Xia, MEI Hong, XU Ping-Ping
Value of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children with digestive tract symptoms
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 634-636 [Abstract] ( 3808 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 976KB] ( 1251 )
CASE REPORT
637 WANG Qing-Qing, WANG Xin-Li
Gitelman syndrome in a child presenting with short stature
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 637-638 [Abstract] ( 3585 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 916KB] ( 994 )
REVIEW
639 ZHAO Hong-Mei, ZHANG Jing, YOU Jie-Yu
Research progress in causes of persistent or chronic diarrhea in children
The disease course of children with persistent or chronic diarrhea lasts from two weeks to two months or over. Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome caused by a group of multiple etiologies. This paper reviews common causes of persistent or chronic diarrhea in children, including intestinal infections, nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases, food allergy, lactose intolerance, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, neural regulation abnormality, immunodeficiency disease, malnutrition, Celiac disease and zinc deficiency.
2012 Vol. 14 (08): 639-642 [Abstract] ( 5776 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1000KB] ( 2136 )
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