目的 系统评价早产儿支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）相关肺动脉高压（pulmonary hypertension, PH）的发生率及危险因素。 方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Medline及Cochrane Library从建库至2024年7月发表的关于早产儿BPD并发PH（以下称为BPD⁃PH）的发生率及其危险因素的队列研究和病例对照研究。采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入15篇研究，涉及早产儿4 561例。Meta分析结果显示，早产儿BPD⁃PH总发生率为20.1%（95%CI：16.1%~24.0%）。有血流动力学意义的动脉导管未闭（OR=3.43）、机械通气时间（OR=1.05）、小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age, SGA）（OR=7.30）、重度BPD（OR=13.25）、需要手术结扎的动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus, PDA）（OR=6.03）、羊水过少（OR=7.24）、呼吸机相关性肺炎（OR=3.97）、呼吸窘迫综合征（OR=2.70）是早产儿BPD⁃PH发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 早产儿BPD⁃PH的发生率较高。有血流动力学意义的动脉导管未闭、机械通气时间、SGA、重度BPD、需要手术结扎的PDA、羊水过少、呼吸机相关性肺炎、呼吸窘迫综合征可增加BPD早产儿PH的患病风险，临床应重点监测存在上述高危因素的BPD早产儿。

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and risk factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Methods Cohort and case-control studies on the incidence and risk factors of PH complicating BPD (hereinafter referred to as BPD-PH) in preterm infants, published from database inception to July 2024, were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Meta analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 15 studies involving 4 561 preterm infants were included. Meta analysis results showed that the overall incidence of BPD-PH in preterm infants was 20.1% (95%CI: 16.1%-24.0%). Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (OR=3.43), mechanical ventilation duration (OR=1.05), small for gestational age (SGA) (OR=7.30), severe BPD (OR=13.25), patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgical ligation (OR=6.03), oligohydramnios (OR=7.24), ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR=3.97), and respiratory distress syndrome (OR=2.70) were identified as risk factors for BPD-PH in preterm infants (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall incidence of BPD-PH in preterm infants is relatively high. Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, mechanical ventilation duration, SGA, severe BPD, patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgical ligation, oligohydramnios, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and respiratory distress syndrome can increase the risk of PH in preterm infants with BPD, and clinical monitoring should prioritize BPD infants with these high-risk factors.