目的 识别婴儿期睡眠模式并探讨其影响因素，为健康睡眠模式的形成及干预提供科学依据。 方法 纳入上海优生儿童队列中1 483名12月龄婴儿，通过简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷评估其睡眠状况。采用潜在类别分析、整合睡眠行为及睡眠问题变量，识别典型睡眠模式。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。 结果 共识别出两类睡眠模式：睡眠模式良好组，其特征为睡眠习惯好、睡眠问题少；睡眠模式较差组，表现为睡眠习惯差、睡眠问题多。Logistic回归结果显示，与已停止母乳喂养的儿童相比，12月龄仍在母乳喂养（OR=1.725，P<0.001）的儿童更易形成较差的睡眠模式；与家庭经济状况良好及以上儿童相比，经济拮据（OR=1.638，P=0.003）儿童形成较差睡眠模式的可能性也更高；户外活动时间>1 h/d（OR=0.633，P<0.001）与较好的睡眠模式显著相关。屏幕暴露增加较差睡眠模式形成的风险（OR=1.887，P<0.001）。 结论 婴儿睡眠模式受多种因素影响，增加户外活动、限制屏幕使用有助于婴儿形成良好的睡眠模式。

Objective To identify infant sleep patterns and explore their influencing factors, providing scientific evidence for the formation and intervention of healthy sleep patterns. Methods A total of 1 483 12-month-old infants from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included. Sleep status was assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Latent class analysis was performed to integrate sleep behavior and sleep problem variables and to identify typical sleep patterns. A binary logistic regression model was employed to examine influencing factors. Results Two sleep patterns were identified: a good sleep pattern characterized by healthier sleep habits and fewer sleep problems, and a poor sleep pattern characterized by poorer sleep habits and more sleep problems. Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with infants who had stopped breastfeeding, infants still being breastfed at 12 months were more likely to develop poor sleep patterns (OR=1.725, P<0.001). Compared with infants from families with better economic status, those from families with economic hardship were more likely to develop poor sleep patterns (OR=1.638, P=0.003). Outdoor activity for more than one hour per day was associated with better sleep patterns (OR=0.633, P<0.001), while screen exposure increased the risk of poor sleep patterns (OR=1.887, P<0.001). Conclusions Infant sleep patterns are influenced by multiple factors; increasing outdoor activity and limiting screen exposure help infants form good sleep patterns.