目的 探讨不同类型新生儿脑卒中患儿的远期神经发育预后。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2024年5月郑州大学第三附属医院收治的41例新生儿脑卒中患儿的资料，包括动脉缺血性脑卒中（arterial ischemic stroke, AIS）、出血性脑卒中（hemorrhagic stroke, HS）、静脉窦血栓（cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, CSVT）3种类型，随访至2岁，采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表Ⅲ评估运动及智力发育，比较不同血管受累后的神经发育结局。 结果 41例新生儿脑卒中患儿中，AIS 35例（85%），HS 5例（12%），CSVT 1例（2%）。35例AIS中，大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery, MCA）主干受累16例（46%），其脑性瘫痪及智力发育落后发生率高于非MCA主干组（P<0.05）。5例HS中，1例累及MCA额叶皮质支的患儿，于生后12 d死亡；2例累及MCA颞叶皮质支的患儿，随访至2岁，贝利婴幼儿发展量表Ⅲ智力发育指数分别为102、106分，运动发育指数分别为90、95分；2例累及MCA主干的患儿，均发生脑性瘫痪。1例CSVT累及大脑大静脉的患儿，伴脑性瘫痪及语言发育障碍。 结论 新生儿脑卒中以AIS最常见，随访至2岁时预后较差，临床应早期识别、早期干预。

Objective To investigate the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates with different types of stroke. Methods Data from 41 neonates diagnosed with stroke at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2017 and May 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Stroke types included arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). All infants were followed to 2 years of age. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III), focusing on motor and cognitive development. Outcomes were compared according to vascular involvement. Results Of the 41 neonates, 35(85%) had AIS, 5(12%) had HS, and 1(2%) had CSVT. Among the 35 AIS cases, 16(46%) involved the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The incidences of cerebral palsy (CP) and cognitive developmental delay were significantly higher in the MCA main trunk group than in the non-main-trunk group (P<0.05). Among the 5 HS cases, 1 involving the frontal cortical branch of the MCA died at 12 days of life. Two cases involving the temporal cortical branches had BSID-III cognitive development indices of 102 and 106, and motor development indices of 90 and 95 at 2 years. The remaining 2 cases involving the MCA main trunk developed CP. The single CSVT case involved the great cerebral vein and presented with CP and language developmental impairment. Conclusions AIS is the most common type of neonatal stroke and shows poorer outcomes by 2 years of age. Early identification and early intervention are essential in clinical practice.