人工智能（artificial intelligence, AI）技术在医学领域发展迅速，尤其在早产儿疾病诊疗中展现出重要临床价值。早产儿各器官发育不成熟，并发症发生率高，其早期预测、精准诊断和个体化治疗是临床面临的重大挑战。AI凭借强大的数据处理和模式识别能力，为早产儿疾病诊疗提供了新的解决方案，现已广泛应用于早产儿并发症预测、影像学诊断辅助、治疗方案优化及预后评估等方面，显著提高了诊疗效率和准确性。但当前AI技术在临床应用中仍存在数据质量、模型可解释性及伦理问题等局限性。该文就AI在早产儿疾病诊疗中的研究进展进行综述，探讨其应用优势、挑战及未来发展方向，为临床实践和相关研究提供参考。

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is developing rapidly in the medical field, particularly showing significant clinical value in the diagnosis and management of diseases in preterm infants. Preterm infants have immature organ development and a high incidence of complications; early prediction, accurate diagnosis, and individualized treatment pose major clinical challenges. With its powerful data processing and pattern recognition capabilities, AI provides new solutions for the diagnosis and management of diseases in preterm infants. It is now widely applied to the prediction of complications, imaging diagnosis, optimization of treatment plans, and prognostic evaluation for preterm infants, significantly improving diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency and accuracy. However, limitations remain in the clinical application, including data quality, model interpretability, and ethical issues. This article reviews the research progress of AI in the diagnosis and management of diseases in preterm infants, discusses its application advantages, challenges, and future directions, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice and related research.