坏死性小肠结肠炎（necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC）是一种严重威胁早产儿生命的肠道疾病，其发病机制复杂，涉及炎症、氧化应激及细胞死亡等过程。近年来，细胞铁死亡（ferroptosis）作为一种新型铁依赖性程序性细胞死亡方式，在NEC中的作用备受关注。该综述系统总结铁死亡的发生机制及其与NEC的关系，阐述其在NEC肠道屏障损伤、炎症反应及氧化应激中的作用，并探讨潜在干预策略，旨在为NEC的早期诊断和治疗提供新的方向。

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal disease of preterm infants, with a complex pathogenesis involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death. In recent years, ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, has attracted increasing attention for its role in NEC. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its relationship with NEC, elucidates its roles in intestinal barrier injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in NEC, and explores potential intervention strategies, aiming to provide new directions for the early diagnosis and treatment of NEC.