患儿，女，10岁，因诊断高IgE综合征6年余，造血干细胞移植后4月余，头晕伴肢体乏力1周就诊。患儿于移植后第121天出现头晕及进行性、对称性肢体无力。脑脊液检查提示蛋白-细胞分离，肌电图证实为多发性周围神经损害，诊断为吉兰-巴雷综合征。该患儿对静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗反应不佳，但对糖皮质激素治疗反应良好。经治疗后，患儿神经系统症状完全缓解，后续出现重度慢性移植物抗宿主病。该文在该病例基础上对相关文献进行复习与总结，旨在为该病的早期诊断、机制探讨及治疗选择提供参考。

A 10-year-old girl diagnosed with hyper-IgE syndrome for more than six years developed dizziness and symmetrical progressive limb weakness one week prior to hospital admission, occurring 4 months after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. On post-transplant day 121, dizziness and progressive, symmetric limb weakness appeared. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytologic dissociation. Electromyography confirmed multiple peripheral nerve lesions, consistent with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy showed limited efficacy, whereas corticosteroid therapy produced significant clinical improvement. Neurological symptoms fully resolved after treatment; however, severe chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred subsequently. Based on this case, related literature was reviewed and summarized to provide references for early diagnosis, mechanistic investigation, and treatment options.