目的 探讨超重/肥胖对学龄期儿童生活质量及体形满意度的影响，以及超重/肥胖对学业成绩影响的中介作用。 方法 该研究为横断面调查研究，选取济南市某小学三至五年级380名学生为研究对象，收集体格指标、体测成绩、学业成绩数据，采用问卷评估儿童生活质量与体形满意度。分析比较不同体重指数儿童在各指标上的差异，并探讨体重指数对学业成绩影响的中介作用。 结果 肥胖组男性比例高于女性（68.7% vs 31.3%，P<0.05）。超重组和肥胖组生活质量低于正常组（P<0.05）。男性和女性对自身体形的满意度与体重指数呈显著负相关（分别r_s =-0.606、-0.628，P<0.001）。体测成绩在体重指数与学业成绩间起中介作用（β=-0.098，P<0.001），生活质量的中介效应不显著（P>0.05）。 结论 超重/肥胖可降低学龄期儿童生活质量，并通过降低体能水平，负面影响学业成绩。

Objective To examine the impact of overweight and obesity on quality of life and body image satisfaction in school-aged children, and to assess mediating pathways linking body mass index (BMI) to academic performance. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 380 students in grades 3-5 from a primary school in Jinan, China, were assessed. Anthropometry was used to calculate BMI; physical fitness test performance and academic grades were recorded. Quality of life and body image satisfaction were measured via questionnaires. Differences across BMI categories were compared, and mediation analyses evaluated indirect effects of BMI on academic performance through physical fitness and quality of life. Results The obese group had a higher proportion of boys than girls (68.7% vs 31.3%, P<0.05). Both the overweight and obese groups had lower quality of life than the normal-weight group (P<0.05). Body image satisfaction was negatively correlated with BMI in both males and females (r_s=-0.606, -0.628, respectively; P<0.001). Physical fitness test performance mediated the association between BMI and academic performance (β=-0.098, P<0.001), whereas the mediating effect of quality of life was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity are associated with reduced quality of life in school-aged children, and they are indirectly linked to poorer academic performance through diminished physical fitness.