雷暴哮喘是指在雷暴天气期间或之后出现的哮喘急性发作现象，具有发生突然、波及范围广、患病人数集中等特点。气候变化导致极端天气频发、吸入过敏原浓度上升，未来雷暴哮喘将变得更加频繁和更难以预测。中国儿童雷暴哮喘的流行范围正在扩大，疾病负担被低估。该述评回顾中国儿童雷暴哮喘相关文献，结合全球机制与管理研究进展，对中国儿童雷暴哮喘的流行病学、发病机制及临床管理进行综合分析。中国儿童雷暴哮喘存在地域差异，既往主要发生于北方，近年来南方城市亦有报道。季节性变应性鼻炎儿童是隐匿高危人群，即便无哮喘诊断，也应对其加强监测与预防管理。综合管理的核心包括急性期分级救治、花粉浓度监测预警以及雷暴前预防性用药等。

Thunderstorm asthma is defined as acute asthma exacerbations occurring during or shortly after thunderstorms, characterized by sudden onset, wide geographic impact, and clustering of cases. Climate change is driving more frequent extreme weather and higher aeroallergen concentrations, making future thunderstorm asthma episodes more frequent and less predictable. In China, the geographic range of pediatric thunderstorm asthma is expanding and its disease burden is underestimated. This paper reviews the literature on thunderstorm asthma in Chinese children, integrates global advances in mechanisms and management, and provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management of pediatric thunderstorm asthma in China. Regional variation is evident, with historical predominance in northern regions and recent reports from southern cities. Children with seasonal allergic rhinitis constitute a hidden high-risk population; even without an asthma diagnosis, enhanced surveillance and preventive management are warranted. Core components of comprehensive management include graded acute-phase care, pollen concentration monitoring with early warning, and pre-thunderstorm prophylactic medication.