Clinical and bronchoscopy features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in children

PENG Shuai; ZHANG Guang-Li; HONG Jing-Xian; DING Hao; WANG Chong-Jie; LUO Jian; LUO Zheng-Xiu

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2210116

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Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4) : 381-387. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2210116

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Clinical and bronchoscopy features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in children

PENG Shuai, ZHANG Guang-Li, HONG Jing-Xian, DING Hao, WANG Chong-Jie, LUO Jian, LUO Zheng-Xiu

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Abstract

Objective To study the clinical and bronchoscopic characteristics of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in children and to identify factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis. Methods The clinical data of children with TBTB were retrospectively collected. The children were divided into two groups based on the last bronchoscopic result within one year of follow-up: a group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=34) and a group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=58). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. Results A total of 92 children with TBTB were included, and the main symptoms were cough (90%) and fever (68%). In children under 1 year old, the incidence rates of dyspnea and wheezing were significantly higher than in other age groups (P<0.008). Chest CT findings included mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement (90%) and tracheobronchial stenosis or obstruction (61%). The lymphatic fistula type was the main type of TBTB observed bronchoscopically (77%). All children received interventional treatment, and the effective rate was 84%. During one year of follow-up, 34 children had residual airway obstruction or stenosis. The TBTB diagnostic time and the initiation of interventional treatment were significantly delayed in the group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis compared with the group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TBTB diagnostic time was closely related to residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at the cut-off value of 92 days of TBTB diagnostic time, the area under the curve for predicting residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB was 0.707, with a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 75.9%. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of TBTB are nonspecific, and symptoms are more severe in children under 1 year old. TBTB should be suspected in children with tuberculosis and chest imaging indicating airway involvement. Delayed diagnosis of TBTB is associated with the development of residual airway obstruction or stenosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2023, 25(4): 381-387

Key words

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis / Bronchoscopy / Airway obstruction / Stenosis / Child

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PENG Shuai, ZHANG Guang-Li, HONG Jing-Xian, DING Hao, WANG Chong-Jie, LUO Jian, LUO Zheng-Xiu. Clinical and bronchoscopy features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2023, 25(4): 381-387 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2210116

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