1 沈蔚, 郑直, 林新祝, 等. 住院极早产儿宫外生长迟缓及相关因素的多中心前瞻性研究[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2022, 24(2): 132-140. PMID: 35209977. PMCID: PMC8884052. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111143.
2 早产儿营养调查协作组. 新生儿重症监护病房中早产儿营养相关状况多中心调查974例报告[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2009, 47(1): 12-17. PMID: 19573373. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2009.01.003.
3 Martínez-Jiménez MD, Gómez-García FJ, Gil-Campos M, et al. Comorbidities in childhood associated with extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants: a scoping review[J]. Eur J Pediatr, 2020, 179(8): 1255-1265. PMID: 32096070. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03613-8.
4 Makker K, Ji Y, Hong X, et al. Antenatal and neonatal factors contributing to extra uterine growth failure (EUGR) among preterm infants in Boston birth cohort (BBC)[J]. J Perinatol, 2021, 41(5): 1025-1032. PMID: 33589730. PMCID: PMC7883994. DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-00948-4.
5 Baillat M, Pauly V, Dagau G, et al. Association of first-week nutrient intake and extrauterine growth restriction in moderately preterm infants: a regional population-based study[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(1): 227. PMID: 33466801. PMCID: PMC7830065. DOI: 10.3390/nu13010227.
6 Schneider J, Fischer Fumeaux CJ, Duerden EG, et al. Nutrient intake in the first two weeks of life and brain growth in preterm neonates[J]. Pediatrics, 2018, 141(3): e20172169. PMID: 29440285. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2169.
7 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会儿科学组, 中华医学会儿科学分会新生儿学组, 中华医学会小儿外科学分会新生儿外科学组, 等. 中国新生儿营养支持临床应用指南[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2013, 34(10): 782-787. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2013.10.016.
8 Robinson DT, Calkins KL, Chen Y, et al. Guidelines for parenteral nutrition in preterm infants: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2023, 47(7): 830-858. PMID: 37610837. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2550.
9 Mihatsch W, Shamir R, van Goudoever JB, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: guideline development process for the updated guidelines[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2306-2308. PMID: 30055868. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.943.
10 NICE. Neonatal parenteral nutrition[EB/OL]. [2021-12-07]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG154.
11 Groh-Wargo S, Barr SM. Parenteral nutrition[J]. Clin Perinatol, 2022, 49(2): 355-379. PMID: 35659091. DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.002.
12 Schünemann H, Bro?ek J, Guyatt G, et al. GRADE Handbook[EB/OL]. (2013-10)[2020-07-16]. https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html.
13 GRADEpro GDT. GRADE your evidence and improve your guideline development in health care[EB/OL]. [2020-07-10]. https://www.gradepro.org/.
14 BalshemH, HelfandaM, SchunemannHJ, 等. GRADE指南: Ⅲ.证据质量分级[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(4): 451-455. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2531.2011.04.017.
15 Bolisetty S, Osborn D, Schindler T, et al. Standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations: Australasian neonatal parenteral nutrition consensus update 2017[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2020, 20(1): 59. PMID: 32035481. PMCID: PMC7007668. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1958-9.
16 Leenders EKSM, de Waard M, van Goudoever JB. Low- versus high-dose and early versus late parenteral amino-acid administration in very-low-birth-weight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Neonatology, 2018, 113(3): 187-205. PMID: 29268262. DOI: 10.1159/000481192.
17 van Goudoever JB, Carnielli V, Darmaun D, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: amino acids[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2315-2323. PMID: 30100107. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.945.
18 Prusakov P, Speaks S, Magers JS. Parenteral nutrition in moderately preterm, otherwise healthy neonates is not associated with improved short-term growth outcomes[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2020, 44(8): 1519-1524. PMID: 32026496. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1785.
19 Biagetti C, Correani A, Antognoli L, et al. Which birth weight threshold to start parenteral nutrition? A single center experience[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2023, 77(4): 474-480. PMID: 36627415. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01257-5.
20 李正红, 王丹华, 童笑梅, 等. 晚期早产儿营养管理专家共识[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2022, 17(6): 405-413. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2022.06.001.
21 邱文娟, 杜陶子, 夏瑜. 儿童遗传代谢病急性期的营养管理[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2023, 41(6): 401-405. DOI: 10.12372/jcp.2023.23e0366.
22 Lapillonne A, Kermorvant-Duchemin E. A systematic review of practice surveys on parenteral nutrition for preterm infants[J]. J Nutr, 2013, 143(12 Suppl): 2061S-2065S. PMID: 24108136. DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.176982.
23 Ainsworth S, McGuire W. Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2015(10): CD004219. PMID: 26439610. PMCID: PMC9250057. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004219.pub4.
24 Boullata JI, Gilbert K, Sacks G, et al. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: parenteral nutrition ordering, order review, compounding, labeling, and dispensing[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(3): 334-377. PMID: 24531708. DOI: 10.1177/0148607114521833.
25 Pezzati M, Filippi L, Chiti G, et al. Central venous catheters and cardiac tamponade in preterm infants[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2004, 30(12): 2253-2256. PMID: 15517163. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2472-5.
26 Ainsworth SB, Clerihew L, McGuire W. Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007(3): CD004219. PMID: 17636749. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004219.pub3.
27 中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会循证专业委员会. 新生儿经外周置入中心静脉导管操作及管理指南（2021）[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2021, 23(3): 201-212. PMID: 33691911. PMCID: PMC7969181. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101087.
28 Bethune K, Allwood M, Grainger C, et al. Use of filters during the preparation and administration of parenteral nutrition: position paper and guidelines prepared by a British pharmaceutical nutrition group working party[J]. Nutrition, 2001, 17(5): 403-408. PMID: 11377134. DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00536-6.
29 Dugan S, Le J, Jew RK. Maximum tolerated osmolarity for peripheral administration of parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(7): 847-851. PMID: 23851423. DOI: 10.1177/0148607113495569.
30 Hanifah S, Maulidani Y, Nugroho BH, et al. Provision of standardized all-in-one parenteral nutrition (AIO-PN) for very preterm neonates: evaluation at room and cold temperatures[J]. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2021, 13(1): 26-30. PMID: 34084045. PMCID: PMC8142921. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_278_19.
31 Blackmer AB, Partipilo ML. Three-in-one parenteral nutrition in neonates and pediatric patients: risks and benefits[J]. Nutr Clin Pract, 2015, 30(3): 337-343. PMID: 25857309. DOI: 10.1177/0884533615580596.
32 MacKay M, Jackson D, Eggert L, et al. Practice-based validation of calcium and phosphorus solubility limits for pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions[J]. Nutr Clin Pract, 2011, 26(6): 708-713. PMID: 22205559. DOI: 10.1177/0884533611426435.
33 Nehra D, Carlson SJ, Fallon EM, et al. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support of neonatal patients at risk for metabolic bone disease[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(5): 570-598. PMID: 23685349. DOI: 10.1177/0148607113487216.
34 Koletzko B, Wieczorek S, Domell?f M, et al. Defining nutritional needs of preterm infants[J]. World Rev Nutr Diet, 2021, 122: 5-11. PMID: 34352755. DOI: 10.1159/000514739.
35 Hay WW, Brown LD, Denne SC. Energy requirements, protein-energy metabolism and balance, and carbohydrates in preterm infants[J]. World Rev Nutr Diet, 2014, 110: 64-81. PMID: 24751622. DOI: 10.1159/000358459.
36 Weintraub V, Mimouni FB, Dollberg S. Effect of birth weight and postnatal age upon resting energy expenditure in preterm infants[J]. Am J Perinatol, 2009, 26(3): 173-177. PMID: 19021091. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1103023.
37 Bechard LJ, Parrott JS, Mehta NM. Systematic review of the influence of energy and protein intake on protein balance in critically ill children[J]. J Pediatr, 2012, 161(2): 333-339.e1. PMID: 22402566. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.046.
38 Embleton ND, van den Akker CHP. Protein intakes to optimize outcomes for preterm infants[J]. Semin Perinatol, 2019, 43(7): 151154. PMID: 31303253. DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2019.06.002.
39 van den Akker CHP, Saenz de Pipaon M, van Goudoever JB. Proteins and amino acids[M]//Koletzko B, Cheah FC, Domell?f M, et al. Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants: Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines. Basel: Karger International, 2021.
40 古谷纯朗. Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit[M]. 5版. 东京: 金原出版株式会社, 2014: 177-180.
41 Jochum F, Moltu SJ, Senterre T, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: fluid and electrolytes[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2344-2353. PMID: 30064846. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.948.
42 Koletzko B, Cheah FC, Domell?f M, et al. Nutritional care of preterm infants: scientific basis and practical guidelines[M]//World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. Basel: Karger International, 2021: 103-121.
43 Mesotten D, Joosten K, van Kempen A, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: carbohydrates[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2337-2343. PMID: 30037708. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.947.
44 Arsenault D, Brenn M, Kim S, et al. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the neonate receiving parenteral nutrition[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2012, 36(1): 81-95. PMID: 22179520. DOI: 10.1177/0148607111418980.
45 Alsweiler JM, Harding JE, Bloomfield FH. Tight glycemic control with insulin in hyperglycemic preterm babies: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Pediatrics, 2012, 129(4): 639-647. PMID: 22430450. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2470.
46 Darmaun D, Lapillonne A, Simeoni U, et al. Parenteral nutrition for preterm infants: issues and strategy[J]. Arch Pediatr, 2018, 25(4): 286-294. PMID: 29656825. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.02.005.
47 Denne SC, Poindexter BB. Evidence supporting early nutritional support with parenteral amino acid infusion[J]. Semin Perinatol, 2007, 31(2): 56-60. PMID: 17462489. DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.02.005.
48 Trivedi A, Jatana V, Sinn JK. Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2024, 1(1): CD008771. PMID: 38275196. PMCID: PMC10811752. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008771.pub3.
49 van Puffelen E, Vanhorebeek I, Joosten KFM, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill, term neonates: a preplanned secondary subgroup analysis of the PEPaNIC multicentre, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2018, 2(7): 505-515. PMID: 30169323. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30131-7.
50 Poindexter BB, Langer JC, Dusick AM, et al. Early provision of parenteral amino acids in extremely low birth weight infants: relation to growth and neurodevelopmental outcome[J]. J Pediatr, 2006, 148(3): 300-305. PMID: 16615955. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.10.038.
51 Uthaya S, Liu X, Babalis D, et al. Nutritional evaluation and optimisation in neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(6): 1443-1452. PMID: 27099248. PMCID: PMC4880995. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.125138.
52 Str?mmen K, Haag A, Moltu SJ, et al. Enhanced nutrient supply to very low birth weight infants is associated with higher blood amino acid concentrations and improved growth[J]. Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2017, 18: 16-22. PMID: 29132733. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.003.
53 Bloomfield FH, Jiang Y, Harding JE, et al. Early amino acids in extremely preterm infants and neurodisability at 2 years[J]. N Engl J Med, 2022, 387(18): 1661-1672. PMID: 36322845. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204886.
54 Martin CR. Parenteral protein in extremely preterm infants: more is not better[J]. N Engl J Med, 2022, 387(18): 1712-1713. PMID: 36322851. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2212522.
55 Blanco C, McGill-Vargas L, Li C, et al. High branched-chain amino acid concentrations are found in preterm baboons receiving intravenous amino acid solutions and mimic alterations found in preterm infants[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2019, 43(8): 1053-1064. PMID: 30729556. PMCID: PMC7241650. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1507.
56 Kirchberg FF, Harder U, Weber M, et al. Dietary protein intake affects amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolism in infants aged 6 months[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 100(1): 149-158. PMID: 25368978. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3157.
57 Pereira da Silva L, Pissarra S, Alexandrino AM, et al. Guidelines for neonatal parenteral nutrition: 2019 update by the Portuguese Neonatal Society. Part I. General aspects, energy, and macronutrients[J]. Port J Pediatr, 2019, 50(3): 209-219. DOI: 10.25754/pjp.2019.15981.
58 杨庆, 林新祝. 长链多不饱和脂肪酸对新生儿的影响研究进展[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2021, 23(7): 755-760. PMID: 34266537. PMCID: PMC8292656. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2104087.
59 Lapillonne A, Fidler Mis N, Goulet O, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: lipids[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2324-2336. PMID: 30143306. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.946.
60 Kim K, Kim NJ, Kim SY. Safety and efficacy of early high parenteral lipid supplementation in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(5): 1535. PMID: 34063216. PMCID: PMC8147506. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051535.
61 Giretti I, D'Ascenzo R, Correani A, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia and lipid tolerance in preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1250 g on routine parenteral nutrition[J]. Clin Nutr, 2021, 40(6): 4444-4448. PMID: 33526286. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.039.
62 Chan AP, Rostas S, Rogers S, et al. Parenteral nutrition in the neonatal intensive care unit: intravenous lipid emulsions[J]. Clin Perinatol, 2023, 50(3): 575-589. PMID: 37536765. DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.04.012.
63 McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2016, 40(2): 159-211. PMID: 26773077. DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863.
64 Yang Q, Kong J, Bai RM, et al. Effects of mixed oil emulsion on short-term clinical outcomes in premature infants: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2023, 77(8): 823-832. PMID: 37138099. PMCID: PMC10393776. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01288-6.
65 Wang YS, Shen W, Yang Q, et al. Analysis of risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in preterm infants: a multicenter observational study[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2023, 23(1): 250. PMID: 37210514. PMCID: PMC10199576. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04068-0.
66 林榕, 杨庆, 王雅森, 等. 两种脂肪乳剂不同肠外营养时间对早产儿临床结局影响的比较: 一项随机对照多中心研究[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2023, 25(9): 901-908. PMID: 37718394. PMCID: PMC10511226. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2303074.
67 Zhang ZX, Yang Q, Shen W, et al. Effect of SMOF lipid emulsion on physical growth and extrauterine growth retardation in very preterm infants: insights from a multicenter retrospective cohort study[J]. Nutrition, 2023, 116: 112221. PMID: 37832169. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112221.
68 Asfour SS, Alshaikh B, AlMahmoud L, et al. SMOFlipid impact on growth and neonatal morbidities in very preterm infants[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(19): 3952. PMID: 36235604. PMCID: PMC9573282. DOI: 10.3390/nu14193952.
69 Zou TT, Li JR, Zhu Y, et al. Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions prevention on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis[J]. World J Pediatr, 2022, 18(7): 463-471. PMID: 35325398. PMCID: PMC9205820. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00536-2.
70 Robinson DT, Ayers P, Fleming B, et al. Recommendations for photoprotection of parenteral nutrition for premature infants: an ASPEN position paper[J]. Nutr Clin Pract, 2021, 36(5): 927-941. PMID: 34472142. DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10747.
71 Chessex P, Laborie S, Nasef N, et al. Shielding parenteral nutrition from light improves survival rate in premature infants[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2017, 41(3): 378-383. PMID: 26376662. DOI: 10.1177/0148607115606407.
72 Mihatsch W, Fewtrell M, Goulet O, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: calcium, phosphorus and magnesium[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2360-2365. PMID: 30097365. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.950.
73 Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. A.S.P.E.N. position paper: recommendations for changes in commercially available parenteral multivitamin and multi-trace element products[J]. Nutr Clin Pract, 2012, 27(4): 440-491. PMID: 22730042. DOI: 10.1177/0884533612446706.
74 Domell?f M, Szitanyi P, Simchowitz V, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: iron and trace minerals[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2354-2359. PMID: 30078716. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.949.
75 Bronsky J, Campoy C, Braegger C, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: vitamins[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2366-2378. PMID: 30100105. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.951.
76 Manninen S, Silvennoinen S, Bendel P, et al. Carnitine intake and serum levels associate positively with postnatal growth and brain size at term in very preterm infants[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(22): 4725. PMID: 36432412. PMCID: PMC9696952. DOI: 10.3390/nu14224725.
77 Sasenick J, Miller M, Rastogi D, et al. Carnitine supplementation increases serum concentrations of free carnitine and total acylcarnitine in preterm neonates: a retrospective cohort study[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2023, 47(6): 746-753. PMID: 37345267. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2535.
78 Salguero Olid A, Blanco Sánchez G, Alonso Ojembarrena A. A systematic review about prophylactic L-carnitine administration in parenteral nutrition of extremely preterm infants[J]. Farm Hosp, 2018, 42(4): 168-173. PMID: 29959842. DOI: 10.7399/fh.10976.
79 Kola?ek S, Puntis JWL, Hojsak I, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: venous access[J]. Clin Nutr, 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2379-2391. PMID: 30055869. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.952.
80 Perrem L, Semberova J, O'Sullivan A, et al. Effect of early parenteral nutrition discontinuation on time to regain birth weight in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2019, 43(7): 883-890. PMID: 30613992. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1502.
81 Immeli L, Sankilampi U, M?kel? PM, et al. Length of nutritional transition associates negatively with postnatal growth in very low birthweight infants[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(11): 3961. PMID: 34836216. PMCID: PMC8622897. DOI: 10.3390/nu13113961.
82 张蓉, 林新祝, 常艳美, 等. 早产儿支气管肺发育不良营养管理专家共识[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2020, 22(8): 805-814. PMID: 32800025. PMCID: PMC7441505. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2005080.
83 胡玉莲, 胡长霞. 早产儿肠外营养相关性肝病的诊断与治疗[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2018, 33(19): 1454-1459. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2018.19.004.
84 Zamir I, Tornevi A, Abrahamsson T, et al. Hyperglycemia in extremely preterm infants: insulin treatment, mortality and nutrient intakes[J]. J Pediatr, 2018, 200: 104-110.e1. PMID: 29731360. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.049.
85 Sinclair R, Schindler T, Lui K, et al. Hypertriglyceridaemia in extremely preterm infants receiving parenteral lipid emulsions[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2018, 18(1): 348. PMID: 30404604. PMCID: PMC6220513. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1325-2.
86 茹喜芳, 冯琪, 王颖, 等. 肠外营养中氨基酸用量对早产儿电解质的影响[J]. 中华新生儿科杂志, 2021, 36(3): 1-7. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2096-2932.2021.03.001.
87 Romańska J, Wawrzoniak T, Krajewski P, et al. Effects of early versus standard central line removal on the growth of preterm infants with very low birth weight: a non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(22): 4766. PMID: 36432453. PMCID: PMC9692930. DOI: 10.3390/nu14224766.
88 王薇, 侯朝铭, 高静, 等. 早产儿肠外营养相关并发症预防的最佳证据总结[J]. 军事护理, 2023, 40(5): 41-44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-1826.2023.05.010.
89 Izquierdo Renau M, Aldecoa-Bilbao V, Balcells Esponera C, et al. Applying methods for postnatal growth assessment in the clinical setting: evaluation in a longitudinal cohort of very preterm infants[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11): 2772. PMID: 31739632. PMCID: PMC6893690. DOI: 10.3390/nu11112772.
90 Motta M, Aversa S, Francesco M, et al. Extrauterine growth restriction in preterm very low birth weight infants: the use of a web-based system designed for computerized prescribing of parenteral nutrition in neonatal intensive care[J]. Newborn, 2023, 2(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0052.
91 González-García L, García-López E, Fernández-Colomer B, et al. Extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants: concordance between Fenton 2013 and INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts[J]. Front Pediatr, 2021, 9: 690788. PMID: 34235126. PMCID: PMC8255477. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.690788.
92 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 不同胎龄新生儿出生时生长评价标准: WS/T 800-2022[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022.
93 Tremblay G, Boudreau C, Bélanger S, et al. Body composition in very preterm infants: role of neonatal characteristics and nutrition in achieving growth similar to term infants[J]. Neonatology, 2017, 111(3): 214-221. PMID: 27866210. DOI: 10.1159/000450882.
94 Nagel EM, Super J, Marka NA, et al. Body composition after implementation of an enhanced parenteral nutrition protocol in the neonatal intensive care unit: a randomised pilot trial[J]. Ann Hum Biol, 2024, 51(1): 2306352. PMID: 38293997. PMCID: PMC10964316. DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2306352.