1 Bateman ST, Lacroix J, Boven K, et al. Anemia, blood loss, and blood transfusions in North American children in the intensive care unit[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 178(1): 26-33. PMID: 18420962. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200711-1637OC.
2 Marik PE, Corwin HL. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Crit Care Med, 2008, 36(9): 2667-2674. PMID: 18679112. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181844677.
3 Valentine SL, Bembea MM, Muszynski JA, et al. Consensus Recommendations for RBC transfusion practice in critically ill children from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9): 884-898. PMID: 30180125. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001613.
4 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 关于发布《输血相容性检测标准》等3项推荐性卫生行业标准的通告: 国卫通〔2022〕1号[EB/OL]. (2022-02-23)[2022-09-01]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/cms-search/xxgk/getManuscriptXxgk.htm?id=1484f47dcf824ee8bae3ad7b6809e603.
5 Netzer G, Liu X, Harris AD, et al. Transfusion practice in the intensive care unit: a 10-year analysis[J]. Transfusion, 2010, 50(10): 2125-2134. PMID: 20553436. PMCID: PMC2943540. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02721.x.
6 Dallman MD, Liu X, Harris AD, et al. Changes in transfusion practice over time in the PICU[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2013, 14(9): 843-850. PMID: 23962831. PMCID: PMC4178535. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e31829b1bce.
7 Klaus SA, Frank SM, Salazar JH, et al. Hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion in pediatric patients at a large academic health center[J]. Transfusion, 2015, 55(12): 2890-2897. PMID: 26415860. DOI: 10.1111/trf.13296.
8 Doctor A, Cholette JM, Remy KE, et al. Recommendations on RBC transfusion in general critically Ill children based on hemoglobin and/or physiologic thresholds from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9S Suppl 1): S98-S113. PMID: 30161064. PMCID: PMC6125789. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001590.
9 English M, Ahmed M, Ngando C, et al. Blood transfusion for severe anaemia in children in a Kenyan hospital[J]. Lancet, 2002, 359(9305): 494-495. PMID: 11853798. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07666-3.
10 Lackritz EM, Campbell CC, Ruebush TK, et al. Effect of blood transfusion on survival among children in a Kenyan hospital[J]. Lancet, 1992, 340(8818): 524-528. PMID: 1354285. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91719-o.
11 Lackritz EM, Hightower AW, Zucker JR, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of severely anemic children in Kenya: the effect of transfusion on mortality and hematologic recovery[J]. AIDS, 1997, 11(12): 1487-1494. PMID: 9342071. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199712000-00013.
12 Lacroix J, Hébert PC, Hutchison JS, et al. Transfusion strategies for patients in pediatric intensive care units[J]. N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(16): 1609-1619. PMID: 17442904. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa066240.
13 Muszynski JA, Guzzetta NA, Hall MW, et al. Recommendations on RBC transfusions for critically Ill children with nonhemorrhagic shock from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9S Suppl 1): S121-S126. PMID: 30161066. PMCID: PMC6126360. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001620.
14 Karam O, Tucci M, Ducruet T, et al. Red blood cell transfusion thresholds in pediatric patients with sepsis[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2011, 12(5): 512-518. PMID: 21057356. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe344b.
15 Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, et al. Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock[J]. N Engl J Med, 2014, 371(15): 1381-1391. PMID: 25270275. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1406617.
16 Ryg?rd SL, Holst LB, Wetterslev J, et al. Long-term outcomes in patients with septic shock transfused at a lower versus a higher haemoglobin threshold: the TRISS randomised, multicentre clinical trial[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(11): 1685-1694. PMID: 27686345. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4437-x.
17 Du Pont-Thibodeau G, Tucci M, Robitaille N, et al. Platelet transfusions in pediatric intensive care[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2016, 17(9): e420-e429. PMID: 27472254. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000879.
18 Curley A, Stanworth SJ, Willoughby K, et al. Randomized trial of platelet-transfusion thresholds in neonates[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(3): 242-251. PMID: 30387697. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1807320.
19 Tasker RC, Turgeon AF, Spinella PC, et al. Recommendations on RBC transfusion in critically Ill children with acute brain injury from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9S Suppl 1): S133-S136. PMID: 30161068. PMCID: PMC6126359. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001589.
20 Welch TP, Wallendorf MJ, Kharasch ED, et al. Fentanyl and midazolam are ineffective in reducing episodic intracranial hypertension in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44(4): 809-818. PMID: 26757162. PMCID: PMC5005007. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001558.
21 Stippler M, Ortiz V, Adelson PD, et al. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring after severe traumatic brain injury in children: relationship to outcome and association with other clinical parameters[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2012, 10(5): 383-391. PMID: 22978637. DOI: 10.3171/2012.8.PEDS12165.
22 Figaji AA, Zwane E, Thompson C, et al. Brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury. Part 1: relationship with outcome[J]. Childs Nerv Syst, 2009, 25(10): 1325-1333. PMID: 19214532. DOI: 10.1007/s00381-009-0822-x.
23 Wahlstr?m MR, Olivecrona M, Koskinen LO, et al. Severe traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients: treatment and outcome using an intracranial pressure targeted therapy: the Lund concept[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2005, 31(6): 832-839. PMID: 15838678. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2632-2.
24 Narotam PK, Burjonrappa SC, Raynor SC, et al. Cerebral oxygenation in major pediatric trauma: its relevance to trauma severity and outcome[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(3): 505-513. PMID: 16516625. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.069.
25 Desjardins P, Turgeon AF, Tremblay MH, et al. Hemoglobin levels and transfusions in neurocritically ill patients: a systematic review of comparative studies[J]. Crit Care, 2012, 16(2): R54. PMID: 22471943. PMCID: PMC3681381. DOI: 10.1186/cc11293.
26 Boutin A, Chassé M, Shemilt M, et al. Red blood cell transfusion in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Transfus Med Rev, 2016, 30(1): 15-24. PMID: 26409622. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2015.08.004.
27 Estcourt LJ, Birchall J, Allard S, et al. Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions[J]. Br J Haematol, 2017, 176(3): 365-394. PMID: 28009056. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14423.
28 New HV, Berryman J, Bolton-Maggs PH, et al. Guidelines on transfusion for fetuses, neonates and older children[J]. Br J Haematol, 2016, 175(5): 784-828. PMID: 27861734. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14233.
29 Dalton HJ, Reeder R, Garcia-Filion P, et al. Factors associated with bleeding and thrombosis in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 196(6): 762-771. PMID: 28328243. PMCID: PMC5620676. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1945OC.
30 Bembea MM, Annich G, Rycus P, et al. Variability in anticoagulation management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international survey[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2013, 14(2): e77-e84. PMID: 23287906. PMCID: PMC3567253. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e31827127e4.
31 Qin CX, Yesantharao LV, Merkel KR, et al. Blood utilization and clinical outcomes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients[J]. Anesth Analg, 2020, 131(3): 901-908. PMID: 32304461. PMCID: PMC7853404. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004807.
32 ELSO. Extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) general guidelines for all ECLS Cases[EB/OL]. (2017-08-01)[2022-09-01]. https://www.elso.org/portals/0/elso%20guidelines%20general%20all%20ecls%20version%201_4.pdf.
33 Fiser RT, Irby K, Ward RM, et al. RBC transfusion in pediatric patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: is there an impact on tissue oxygenation?[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2014, 15(9): 806-813. PMID: 25137550. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000222.
34 Bembea MM, Cheifetz IM, Fortenberry JD, et al. Recommendations on the indications for RBC transfusion for the critically Ill child receiving support from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist, and renal replacement therapy devices from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9S Suppl 1): S157-S162. PMID: 30161071. PMCID: PMC6125786. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001600.
35 Wild KT, Rintoul N, Kattan J, et al. Extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO): guidelines for neonatal respiratory failure[J]. ASAIO J, 2020, 66(5): 463-470. PMID: 32282347. DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001153.
36 Cashen K, Dalton H, Reeder RW, et al. Platelet transfusion practice and related outcomes in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2020, 21(2): 178-185. PMID: 31568245. PMCID: PMC7007856. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002102.
37 Keene SD, Patel RM, Stansfield BK, et al. Blood product transfusion and mortality in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J]. Transfusion, 2020, 60(2): 262-268. PMID: 31837026. PMCID: PMC7433883. DOI: 10.1111/trf.15626.
38 White LJ, Fredericks R, Mannarino CN, et al. Epidemiology of bleeding in critically ill children[J]. J Pediatr, 2017, 184: 114-119.e6. PMID: 28185627. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.026.
39 Karam O, Russell RT, Stricker P, et al. Recommendations on RBC transfusion in critically ill children with nonlife-threatening bleeding or hemorrhagic shock from the pediatric critical care transfusion and anemia expertise initiative[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2018, 19(9S Suppl 1): S127-S132. PMID: 30161067. PMCID: PMC6121734. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001605.
40 Rouette J, Trottier H, Ducruet T, et al. Red blood cell transfusion threshold in postsurgical pediatric intensive care patients: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(3): 421-427. PMID: 20118780. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181c5dc2e.
41 Willems A, Harrington K, Lacroix J, et al. Comparison of two red-cell transfusion strategies after pediatric cardiac surgery: a subgroup analysis[J]. Crit Care Med, 2010, 38(2): 649-656. PMID: 19789443. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181bc816c.
42 Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(1): 11-21. PMID: 23281973. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211801.
43 Carson JL, Noveck H, Berlin JA, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients with very low postoperative Hb levels who decline blood transfusion[J]. Transfusion, 2002, 42(7): 812-818. PMID: 12375651. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00123.x.
44 Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, et al. The ratio of blood products transfused affects mortality in patients receiving massive transfusions at a combat support hospital[J]. J Trauma, 2007, 63(4): 805-813. PMID: 18090009. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181271ba3.
45 Shaz BH, Dente CJ, Nicholas J, et al. Increased number of coagulation products in relationship to red blood cell products transfused improves mortality in trauma patients[J]. Transfusion, 2010, 50(2): 493-500. PMID: 19804568. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02414.x.
46 Cotton BA, Reddy N, Hatch QM, et al. Damage control resuscitation is associated with a reduction in resuscitation volumes and improvement in survival in 390 damage control laparotomy patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2011, 254(4): 598-605. PMID: 21918426. PMCID: PMC3816774. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318230089e.
47 Holcomb JB, del Junco DJ, Fox EE, et al. The prospective, observational, multicenter, major trauma transfusion (PROMMTT) study: comparative effectiveness of a time-varying treatment with competing risks[J]. JAMA Surg, 2013, 148(2): 127-136. PMID: 23560283. PMCID: PMC3740072. DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamasurg.387.
48 Johansson PI, S?rensen AM, Larsen CF, et al. Low hemorrhage-related mortality in trauma patients in a Level I trauma center employing transfusion packages and early thromboelastography-directed hemostatic resuscitation with plasma and platelets[J]. Transfusion, 2013, 53(12): 3088-3099. PMID: 23614333. DOI: 10.1111/trf.12214.
49 Langan NR, Eckert M, Martin MJ. Changing patterns of in-hospital deaths following implementation of damage control resuscitation practices in US forward military treatment facilities[J]. JAMA Surg, 2014, 149(9): 904-912. PMID: 25029432. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.940.
50 Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2015, 313(5): 471-482. PMID: 25647203. PMCID: PMC4374744. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.12.
51 New HV, Berryman J, Bolton-Maggs PH, et al. Guidelines on transfusion for fetuses, neonates and older children[J]. Br J Haematol, 2016, 175(5): 784-828. PMID: 27861734. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14233.